Process States Explanation:

In operating systems, a process is a program in execution. As a process runs, it goes through different states. These states represent the current condition of the process in the system. Let’s break down the main process states:

1. New: The process is being created.
2. Ready: The process is waiting to be assigned to a processor.
3. Running: The process is currently executing on the processor.
4. Waiting (or Blocked): The process is waiting for some event to occur (like I/O completion).
5. Terminated: The process has finished execution.

Examples:

1. New: When you double-click on an application icon, the operating system creates a new process.
2. Ready: Multiple programs open on your computer, waiting for their turn to use the CPU.
3. Running: The video game you’re currently playing.
4. Waiting: When you click “Save” in a document and wait for it to complete.
5. Terminated: When you close an application, and it finishes its execution.

Now, let’s visualize these states with a diagram:

Explanation of the diagram:

1. A new process starts in the “New” state.
2. It then moves to the “Ready” state, waiting for the CPU.
3. When the scheduler selects it, it goes to the “Running” state.
4. From “Running,” it can:
a) Go back to “Ready” if its time slice expires.
b) Move to “Waiting” if it needs to wait for a resource or event.
c) Proceed to “Terminated” if it completes execution.
5. From “Waiting,” it returns to “Ready” when the waited-for event occurs.

This cycle continues until the process terminates.