Government Efforts and Their Effectiveness:
Positive Steps:

Improved Visibility: CCTV cameras and increased street lighting can deter crime by creating a perception of higher surveillance and making it harder for criminals to operate in the shadows.
Accessibility: All-women police stations aim to create a more approachable environment for women to report crimes, particularly those of a sexual nature.
Symbolic Impact: These initiatives can raise awareness about women’s safety and signal a government commitment to the issue.
Limitations:

Limited Scope: CCTV footage can be difficult to analyze, and lighting may not prevent crimes in poorly designed spaces or deserted areas.
Reactive Approach: These measures primarily address crime after it happens, rather than preventing it in the first place.
False Security: A reliance on these measures can create a false sense of security, potentially leading women to be less vigilant.
Staffing and Training: All-women stations require adequate staffing and well-trained officers to be effective.
Challenges in Creating a Safer Environment:
Societal Attitudes: Deep-rooted patriarchal norms that normalize violence against women and limit their mobility are a major hurdle.
Lack of Bystander Intervention: The reluctance of bystanders to intervene when they witness harassment or assault emboldens perpetrators.
Inefficient Justice System: A slow and insensitive justice system discourages reporting and creates a sense of impunity for criminals.
Inadequate Public Transportation: Poorly lit, crowded, and unreliable public transport disproportionately impacts women’s safety.
Need for a Multi-Stakeholder Approach:
A comprehensive approach requires collaboration between various actors:

Government: Enact stricter laws, improve street design and infrastructure, invest in women’s safety programs.
Law Enforcement: Increase police visibility, improve training to handle gender-based violence, ensure speedy investigations.
Civil Society: Run awareness campaigns, promote gender equality, organize self-defense training workshops for women.
Educational Institutions: Integrate gender sensitization and bystander intervention training into curriculums at all levels.
Media: Promote positive portrayals of women and challenge stereotypes that perpetuate violence.
By working together, these stakeholders can create a safer environment for women, not just through physical security measures, but by tackling the root causes of gender-based violence and fostering a culture of respect.