How is 20th-century women’s lifestyle far different from 19th-century?
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Women’s rights and responsibilities have changed a lot between the 19th and 20 th centuries.
19 th century scenario:-
Society/ Rights – European and American women in the nineteenth century lived in an age characterized by gender inequality. At the beginning of the century, women enjoyed few of the legal, social, or political rights that are now taken for granted in western countries: they could not vote, could not sue or be sued, could not testify in court, had extremely limited control over personal property after marriage, were rarely granted legal custody of their children in cases of divorce, and were barred from institutions of higher education. Women were expected to remain subservient to their fathers and husbands.
Occupation – Their occupational choices were also extremely limited. Middle- and upper-class women generally remained home, caring for their children and running the household. Lower-class women often did work outside the home, but usually as poorly-paid domestic servants or laborers in factories and mills.
20 th century scenario:-
Society/Rights -The 20th century was not only a period of technological improvements but a period of social reform that has changed the standard of living. During the 20th century women gained equal rights with men. Technological and economic changes made it inevitable that women would be given the same rights as men.
Occupation-More occupations were opened to women during the 20th century.Women played a vital role in Britain during the Second World War. In 1963 in the USA an Equal Pay Act compelled employers to pay men and women the same amount for doing the same job.
Dresses – In 1900 women wore long dresses. It was not acceptable for women to show their legs. From 1910 women wore hobble skirts. They were so narrow women could only ‘hobble’ along while wearing them. However, during World War I clothes for women became more practical. However in 1965, Mary Quant invented the mini skirt and clothes became even more informal.
The women’s lifestyle differed much from the women living in the 19th century; however, there were continuities too.
Differences:
Rights and Legal Status: Women gained an array of legal rights to vote, work, and property in the 20th century. Suffrage movements in various countries brought women’s enfranchisement into being, in striking contrast to the 19th century, when women were much excluded from political life and their civic rights were very limited.
Education and Employment: Women’s access to education and employment opportunities improved immeasurably during the 20th century. More women attended universities and entered professional fields. In the 19th century, they were largely confined to domestic duties and limited occupations like teaching and nursing.
Social Norms and Roles: Changing societal behavior about women’s roles characterizes the 20th century. Feminist movements challenged traditional gender roles and advocated equality and independence. The 19th century emphasized domesticity and dependency upon male relatives.
Similarities:
Domestic Responsibilities: Even with the advancement, women of both centuries mostly remained responsible for household duties and childcare.
Social Expectations: Society continued to place expectations on women regarding their appearance, behavior, and roles in family and society, though they changed over time.
Overall, the 20th century experienced much progress in the state of women’s rights and opportunities, but many of the older expectations and challenges persisted.
The most important development that occurs in bettering the position of any section of society is done by increasing their reach to quality education. 20th century promoted higher education for women. This not only allowed them to pursue degrees but also get professionally trained in various fields, as compared to what it was in the 19th century.
Another development was that women started challenging the traditional gender roles. This led to major shifts in lifestyles and greater social acceptance of women pursuing careers. In the 19th century, as we know, the expectations of women’s roles as merely wives and mothers were very rigid.
With the coming of the 20th century, women started gaining significant legal rights too. The right to vote or suffrage was where it all started, slowly gaining the right to own property, and even equal pay for equal work.
The improvements in the reproductive rights of women which came with access to contraception and better control over their own bodies was another major change.
The 20th century also saw a dramatic shift in women’s clothing where more practical and less restrictive clothing gained popularity. This reflected greater personal freedom and mobility as compared to the elaborate fashions of the 19th century.