How does the Android activity lifecycle work? Explain how you would handle configuration changes, such as screen rotations, without losing user data or state.
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The Android activity lifecycle consists of several states: onCreate(), onStart(), onResume(), onPause(), onStop(), and onDestroy(). These states manage the activity’s creation, visibility, interaction, and destruction.
To handle configuration changes like screen rotations without losing user data or state, you can use the onSaveInstanceState() and onRestoreInstanceState() methods. onSaveInstanceState() is called before the activity is destroyed, allowing you to save data to a Bundle. onRestoreInstanceState() or onCreate() can then retrieve this data when the activity is recreated.
Alternatively, you can use the ViewModel architecture component, which is designed to store and manage UI-related data in a lifecycle-conscious way. ViewModel objects survive configuration changes, meaning they retain data even if the activity is destroyed and recreated.