Although the Indian Constitution doesn’t explicitly mention the term “federalism,” its spirit is deeply embedded in its fabric. Federalism is a system where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units, like states.

In India, the Constitution allocates powers between the Centre and states through a three-list system:

– Union List (Centre’s powers)
– State List (states’ powers)
– Concurrent List (shared powers)

This division of powers ensures that states have significant autonomy, while the Centre maintains national integrity. The Constitution also provides for institutions like the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Inter-State Council to facilitate cooperation and resolve disputes between states and the Centre.

The Constitution’s Seventh Schedule and Articles 245-263 elaborate on this framework.

In practice, India’s federalism is a dynamic balance between unity and diversity, allowing for regional aspirations and national integration to coexist. So, while the term “federalism” might not be explicitly mentioned, its principles are deeply ingrained in the Indian Constitution, making it an integral part of the country’s functioning. This federal structure has enabled India to celebrate its diversity while maintaining national unity, promoting a sense of shared citizenship and fostering cooperation among states to address common challenges.