Existentialism has profoundly shaped modern literature by emphasizing individual existence, freedom, and choice. This philosophical movement, which gained prominence in the 20th century, focuses on the human condition and the search for meaning in a seemingly indifferent or absurd universe.

Key Themes:

1. Individual Freedom and Responsibility: Existentialist literature explores the idea that individuals are free to make their own choices but must also bear the responsibility for the consequences. Characters often grapple with the weight of their decisions and the inherent uncertainty of life.
2. Alienation and Isolation: Many existentialist works depict protagonists who feel disconnected from society and others. This sense of alienation is a central theme, reflecting the individual’s struggle to find meaning in a world that feels indifferent or hostile.
3. Search for Meaning: Existentialist literature frequently portrays characters on a quest for purpose and significance. This search often leads to introspection and philosophical inquiry, highlighting the difficulty of finding meaning in a chaotic world.
4. Absurdity: The notion of the absurd, popularized by writers like Albert Camus, underscores the conflict between humans’ desire for order and the chaotic nature of the universe. Characters confront the absurdity of existence and must decide how to respond to it.
5. Authenticity: Existentialist literature encourages living authentically, true to one’s values and beliefs, despite societal pressures. This pursuit of authenticity often leads characters to challenge conventions and question their own motivations.

Existentialism shapes modern literature by exploring deep philosophical questions about human existence, freedom, and meaning, often through characters’ introspective journeys and their confrontations with an absurd, indifferent world.