The Indian Constitution embodies a unique form of federalism, but it distinctly favors a strong central authority. This centralization is evident through various constitutional provisions. The Union List in the Seventh Schedule grants the Centre exclusive powers over significant subjects like defense, foreign affairs, and atomic energy, centralizing crucial decision-making. Unlike classical federal systems where states hold residual powers, the Indian Constitution vests these in the Centre, enhancing its authority further. The emergency provisions, particularly Articles 352 to 360, empower the Centre to assume control during crises, significantly reducing state autonomy. For instance, during President’s Rule under Article 356, the Centre can take over state governance.

Financial control is another area where the Centre’s dominance is clear. It controls major taxes and redistributes revenue to states, often creating dependency. Additionally, the power to amend the Constitution lies with Parliament, even for provisions affecting state interests, allowing changes to federal principles without needing state consent. Administrative influence is also centralized, as the All-India Services, though serving in states, are controlled by the Centre.

While federalism is a fundamental feature of the Indian Constitution, the structure leans towards centralization, creating a quasi-federal system rather than a strong, classical federalism.