The framers of the Indian Constitution crafted a unique blend of federal and unitary features, resulting in what is often called a quasi-federal system. Let’s explore why:

1. Federal Features:
   • Distribution of Powers: Like federal systems, India divides powers between the central government and state governments through three lists: Union List, State List, and Concurrent List.
   • Independent Jurisdiction: Each level of government has its own legislative and administrative authority.
   • Supreme Court’s Role: The Supreme Court settles disputes between states.
2. Unitary Features:
   • Strong Center: The central government has significant authority in areas like defense, foreign affairs, and taxation.
   • Emergency Powers: During emergencies, the central government can override state authority.
   • Single Citizenship: India has a single citizenship for the entire country.
3. Quasi-Federal Nature:
   • India’s Constitution balances federalism and unity, reflecting its diverse needs.
   • The inclusion of fundamental rights and judicial review (inspired by the U.S. Constitution) further emphasizes this blend.
   • Articles 32 and 226 grant citizens and others the right to approach courts for relief against constitutional violations.

In summary, India’s Constitution is quasi-federal, combining elements from both federal and unitary systems to address its unique context.