Buddhist architecture evolved significantly as it spread across different regions, reflecting local cultures and artistic traditions. Initially, early Buddhist structures in India, such as stupas and monasteries, were simple and focused on relics and meditation. As Buddhism spread to Central Asia and China, the architecture adapted to include larger monastic complexes and elaborate cave temples like those at Dunhuang, incorporating intricate carvings and paintings. In Southeast Asia, Buddhist architecture merged with indigenous styles, leading to the creation of iconic structures like the Borobudur in Indonesia, a massive stepped pyramid adorned with detailed reliefs and stupas. In Japan, Buddhist temples evolved into elegant wooden structures integrated with nature, exemplified by the serene simplicity of Zen gardens and pagodas. Tibetan Buddhist architecture, influenced by Indian, Nepali, and Chinese styles, featured fortress-like monasteries with vibrant murals and prayer halls. Each region’s adaptation of Buddhist architecture not only preserved the essence of Buddhist teachings but also enriched it with local artistic expressions, creating a diverse yet unified architectural heritage that reflects the dynamic spread of Buddhism across Asia.