As per the Ministry of Home Affairs, there has been a 74% reduction in insurgency incidents an 89% decline in civilian deaths, and 60% in casualties of security forces in the Northeastern region in 2021 compared to 2014. From 2014 till July 15, 2022, a total of 6,070 cadres of various insurgent groups in the northeastern states surrendered with 1,404 arms and joined the mainstream of society.

Steps taken to promote peace in North East India:

• Major peace accords: Such as the Bodo Accord (2020), and the Karbi Anglong Agreement (2021).
• Bru-Reang Agreement (2020): To resolve the refugee crisis by settling the internally displaced people of western Mizoram in Tripura.
• Assam-Meghalaya Inter-State Boundary Agreement, 2022: To settle the dispute over six areas out of a total of twelve areas of the interstate boundary dispute between the two states.
• Power of mobility and connectivity: Itanagar, Agartala, and Imphal have been connected through Railways, and in the remaining five capitals connectivity projects are nearing completion. Over 38,000 km of rural roads have been completed. With 15 new airports, the region is a priority area under the UDAN scheme with 46 operational routes.

Roadblocks in the era of peace to dawn in North East:

• Ethnocentric disputes: Ethnic identity has been critical in sustaining armed movements in the region and even within individual states.
  • A major hurdle before the government while signing an accord is the demand over the same territory by two rebel groups. For example, the Kamtapur Liberation Organisation stepped up demand for Kamatapur state comprising some areas in the Bodoland region and in Bengal soon after the signing of the Bodo Accord in 2020.
• Splinter groups: New militant groups get created from the same region or community after one enters a ceasefire pact, starts dialogue or signs an agreement with the government.
  • For example, the delay in signing the final Naga Peace agreement is due to the power struggle between the NSCN-IM and NNPG (the conglomerate organization that represent 6 smaller Naga political groups including GPRN/NSCN, NSCN (R), etc.).
• Running a parallel government: Some groups under ceasefire have taken advantage of the agreements. For example, the NSCN (IM) had been permitted to establish camps in Nagaland and Manipur but it has used it to carry arms and almost run a parallel government.
• Military rule in Myanmar: Recent reports also indicate that the Myanmar army is utilizing Indian insurgent groups to fight those who are in opposition to the junta regime. The government is trying to bring economic progress to all in North-East India by making efforts in the direction of creating the North-East as the hub of sports in the world, a leading exporter of exotic horticultural products, and a hotbed of start-ups while fast becoming the most attractive tourist destination in India.