"Explain how the monsoon winds influence the agricultural patterns in India and identify which Indian states receive the highest rainfall during the monsoon season."?
Mohit KumarBegginer
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Monsoon winds play a critical role in shaping agricultural patterns in India. The southwest monsoon, arriving in early June, brings heavy rainfall that is essential for the kharif crop season. Crops like rice, sugarcane, cotton, and pulses heavily depend on this rain. The timely arrival and distribution of monsoon rains determine the success of these crops, influencing sowing times, growth periods, and ultimately the harvest. Conversely, a delay or poor monsoon can lead to droughts, affecting agricultural output and the livelihoods of millions of farmers.
The Indian states that receive the highest rainfall during the monsoon season are typically located in the western and northeastern parts of the country. Kerala, where the monsoon first hits the Indian subcontinent, gets significant rainfall. However, the highest rainfall is often recorded in the northeastern states, particularly Meghalaya, with places like Mawsynram and Cherrapunji receiving some of the highest annual rainfall in the world. Other states with substantial monsoon rainfall include Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and West Bengal. These regions’ agriculture is heavily influenced by the monsoon, with rice paddies and tea plantations being predominant.
India’s economy is highly dependent in agriculture contributing about 14% of the total GDP of the state. Thus most of the people in India are heavily dependent upon agriculture. The monsoon pattern is to thank for as the favorable moisture laden winds help in the abundance of agricultural activity in the state.
Starting from the month of June the south east monsoon winds of the Arabian sea branch hits the cost of Kerela due to the formation of low pressure region of the Indian subcontinent and the shifting of the ITCZ towards the tropic of cancer. Heavy showers are received in the Western ghat region after which the winds travels over the semi arid Indian peninsula moving northwards and being obstructed by the Great Himalayas. This causes showers over the Indo Gangatic plains where maximum of the wheat production is done in the states of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh and most of the northern belts.
The Bay of Bengal branch of the south east monsoon winds brings heavy showers to the eastern and north eastern states of India where rice production id very prevalent. Mawsynram in the north eastern state of Meghalaya is the rainiest place in the world with an annual rainfall of 467.4 in annually.
Other arid and the semi arid regions like the north western and the Deccan region grow cash crops like cotton, rubber, sugarcane etc. The amount of rainfall received during the monsoon in the particular state determines the climatic zone of the state and the dominant crop of the state.
The uneven distribution of rainfall in India makes it a diverse agricultural boul.