Examine the Indian constitutional system’s use of the notion of judicial review. Talk about this power’s extent and restrictions, the Supreme Court’s and the High Courts’ roles in using it, and how they affect the system of checks and balances and the division of powers.
Shree Shree SinghBegginer
1. Declare laws and government actions unconstitutional (Article 13 and 32)
2. Interpret the Constitution and laws (Article 141 and 226)
3. Issue writs and directions to protect fundamental rights (Article 32 and 226)
4. Review administrative actions and policies (Article 14 and 21)
Limitations:
1. Political questions: Courts generally avoid deciding political questions, leaving them to the elected branches.
2. Policy decisions: Courts refrain from interfering with policy decisions, unless they violate the Constitution or laws.
3. Separation of powers: Courts respect the legislative and executive branches’ domains, avoiding unnecessary interference.
Role of the Supreme Court and High Courts:
1. Guardian of the Constitution: Ensuring its provisions are upheld and protected.
2. Interpreter: Providing authoritative interpretations of the Constitution and laws.
3. Protector of fundamental rights: Enforcing these rights and ensuring their protection.
4. Check on government power: Preventing abuse of power and ensuring accountability.
Implications:
1. Separation of powers: Judicial review ensures that each branch respects the others’ domains.
2. System of checks and balances: Preventing any one branch from dominating the others.
3. Protection of individual rights: Ensuring that the government does not infringe upon citizens’ fundamental rights.
4. Promoting the rule of law: Ensuring that the Constitution and laws are upheld and enforced.
In conclusion, judicial review is a vital component of India’s constitutional system, empowering the judiciary to protect the Constitution, individual rights, and the rule of law. While there are limitations to this power, the Supreme Court and High Courts play a crucial role in exercising judicial review, maintaining the system of checks and balances, and ensuring the separation of powers.