The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has played a crucial role in resolving India’s territorial and maritime disputes with its neighbors. One notable example is the Kulbhushan Jadhav case with Pakistan.

**Kulbhushan Jadhav case:**

1. **Background:** Kulbhushan Jadhav, an Indian naval officer, was arrested by Pakistan in 2016 and sentenced to death for espionage and terrorism. India contested the detention, claiming it was arbitrary and violating international law.
2. **ICJ intervention:** India approached the ICJ, requesting a stay on Jadhav’s execution and seeking his release. The ICJ issued an interim order, staying the execution and asking Pakistan to maintain Jadhav’s status quo until the court made a final decision.
3. **Final decision:** In 2017, the ICJ ruled that Pakistan had violated the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations by not informing India about Jadhav’s detention and denying him consular access. The court ordered Pakistan to release Jadhav or provide adequate guarantees for his safety and well-being.

**Significance of international legal frameworks in India’s foreign policy:**

1. **Compliance with international law:** India recognizes the importance of adhering to international law in resolving disputes with its neighbors. The ICJ’s decision in the Jadhav case underscores India’s commitment to upholding international law and promoting peaceful dispute resolution.
2. **Deterrence and deterrence diplomacy:** By approaching the ICJ, India demonstrated its willingness to use international legal frameworks to deter Pakistan from taking actions that violate international law. This approach sends a message to other countries that India will vigorously defend its interests and nationals through legal means.
3. **Enhancing diplomatic leverage:** The ICJ’s involvement in the Jadhav case helped India to gain diplomatic leverage over Pakistan, as the court’s ruling put pressure on Pakistan to comply with its obligations under international law.
4. **Promoting regional stability:** By pursuing legal remedies through the ICJ, India can help promote regional stability by reducing tensions and avoiding military escalation in conflicts with neighboring countries.

**Other cases:**

1. **Indus Waters Treaty:** India has been locked in a dispute with Pakistan over the Indus Waters Treaty, which governs water sharing between the two countries. India has approached the World Bank-mediated arbitration process to resolve the dispute.
2. **China-India border disputes:** India has raised concerns about China’s activities along their shared border, including construction of infrastructure and troop deployments. India has sought international support, including from the United Nations, to resolve these disputes peacefully.
3. **Maritime boundary disputes:** India has disputes with countries like Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar over maritime boundaries. India has sought to resolve these disputes through bilateral negotiations and international arbitration mechanisms.

In conclusion, the ICJ plays a vital role in resolving India’s territorial and maritime disputes with its neighbors. The significance of international legal frameworks in India’s foreign policy lies in promoting compliance with international law, deterring aggressive actions, enhancing diplomatic leverage, and promoting regional stability. By engaging with international legal mechanisms, India can effectively address its disputes and protect its interests while upholding its commitments to international law and diplomacy.