The provisions for the administrative control and supervision of the States by the Union government in India’s federal framework include the appointment and removal of Governors and the deployment of Central Armed Police Forces. Let’s examine these mechanisms in detail:

Appointment and Removal of Governors:
The Constitution of India grants the Union government significant powers in appointing and removing the Governors of the States. Article 155 states that the President of India shall appoint the Governor of a State. This appointment is made on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers, led by the Prime Minister.

Governors play an important role in bridging the Union and the States, as they act as the constitutional heads of the State governments. The Union government can exercise control over the States through the Governors, who are essentially representatives of the Centre at the State level.

Furthermore, Article 156 of the Constitution grants the President the power to remove the Governor from office. This power is, again, exercised on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers. The ability to appoint and remove Governors gives the Union government a significant degree of administrative control over the States.

Deployment of Central Armed Police Forces:
The Union government also exercises control over the States through the deployment of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs), such as the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Border Security Force (BSF), and the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF).

These CAPFs are under the direct administrative control of the Union Ministry of Home Affairs. They can be deployed in the States, either upon the request of the State government or suo moto by the Union government, to maintain law and order, assist in disaster response, or provide security for critical infrastructure.

The deployment of CAPFs allows the Union government to intervene in the internal affairs of the States, if deemed necessary, and exercise a degree of control over the administrative machinery of the States. This is seen as an important tool for the Union government to ensure national unity and security.

It is important to note that the exercise of these powers by the Union government has often been a subject of debate, with concerns raised about the potential for misuse and encroachment on the autonomy of the States. The balance between the Union’s need for administrative control and the States’ demands for greater federalism remains an ongoing challenge in India’s federal system.