In countries where the President plays a significant role in the constitutional amendment process, such as India, the President’s involvement is defined by constitutional provisions that outline their authority and limitations.
The general aspects of the President’s involvement, powers, and limitations in such scenarios is :-

1. Initiation of Amendments:
– In India, amendments to the Constitution can be initiated by either House of Parliament (article 368). There is no direct role for the President in initiating amendments.

2. Passage by Parliament :
– Once an amendment is passed by both Houses of Parliament (with a special majority as required by Article 368 of the Indian Constitution), it is sent to the President for their assent ( article 111).

3. President’s Power to Assent :
– According to Article 368 of the Indian Constitution, amendments require the President’s assent to become law. The President’s role here is largely ceremonial; they do not have the power to withhold assent(article 111).

4. No Veto Power:
– Unlike some other countries with a presidential system, the Indian President does not possess a veto power over constitutional amendments ( article 111). Their role is to signify formal approval.

5. Constitutional Safeguards :
– While the President cannot veto amendments, they are expected to ensure that the amendment process has been followed correctly and that it adheres to the basic structure and spirit of the Constitution. There have been instances where the President has returned amendment bills for reconsideration if procedural irregularities were observed.

6. Time Limits:
– The President must act within a reasonable time frame to either assent to an amendment or refer it back for reconsideration. This ensures timely implementation of the amendment.

7. Constitutional Convention:
– In India, there is a convention that the President acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers in matters relating to constitutional amendments. This convention upholds the principle of parliamentary sovereignty.

The President typically has a ceremonial role, their involvement in the amendment process is crucial for formal approval. However, their powers are usually limited to ensuring the process adheres to constitutional norms rather than exercising discretion over the content of the amendments themselves.