Economic systems and policies often disadvantage women in several ways. Here’s a breakdown of the key issues and potential reforms:

Disproportionate Effects:

Gender Pay Gap: Women typically earn less than men for the same work, leading to a significant income disparity.
Job Segregation: Women are often concentrated in lower-paying occupations with fewer opportunities for advancement.
Caregiving Burden: The societal expectation of women being primary caregivers can limit their employment options and career progression. Lack of affordable childcare further restricts women’s participation in the workforce.
Financial Dependence: Women are more likely to be financially dependent on spouses or partners, making them more vulnerable to economic shocks and poverty.
Property Rights and Access to Capital: Women may face challenges in owning land, securing loans, and accessing capital compared to men, hindering their ability to start businesses or invest in their future.
Reforms for Greater Gender Equality:

Closing the Gender Pay Gap: Enforce stronger equal pay laws, promote pay transparency, and address unconscious bias in hiring and promotion practices.
Investing in Care Infrastructure: Provide affordable and accessible childcare and eldercare services to allow women greater flexibility in work-life balance.
Promoting Parental Leave Policies: Implement gender-neutral parental leave policies that encourage fathers to take on caregiving responsibilities and normalize shared parenting.
Skills Training and Education Programs: Offer targeted programs to equip women with skills needed for high-growth and in-demand jobs.
Financial Inclusion Initiatives: Support financial literacy programs for women and facilitate their access to loans and financial services.
Microfinance and Entrepreneurship Support: Facilitate access to microloans and provide mentorship opportunities for women entrepreneurs.
Property Rights Reforms: Ensure women have equal rights to land ownership and inheritance, empowering them to build wealth and secure their future.
Taxation Policies: Consider tax breaks or subsidies that incentivize women’s participation in the workforce and address the childcare burden.