Artificial intelligence (AI) significantly enhances robotics by enabling robots to perceive, reason, and act autonomously in dynamic environments. Here’s how AI contributes to robotics and some key techniques used in robot control:

1. Perception and Sensing: AI enables robots to interpret and make sense of their surroundings through various sensors like cameras, LiDAR, and ultrasonic sensors. Techniques such as computer vision and sensor fusion help robots understand objects, obstacles, and navigate safely.
2. Decision-Making: AI algorithms, such as machine learning and deep learning, empower robots to make intelligent decisions based on data and experience. Reinforcement learning allows robots to learn optimal behaviors through trial and error, adapting to different situations.
3. Path Planning and Navigation: AI-based path planning algorithms calculate efficient paths for robots to move from one point to another while avoiding obstacles. Techniques like A* search, Dijkstra’s algorithm, and probabilistic roadmap methods (PRM) optimize robot movements in complex environments.
4. Manipulation and Control: AI techniques like inverse kinematics and motion planning algorithms control robotic arms and end-effectors to perform precise manipulation tasks. Machine learning models can also optimize grasping strategies based on object characteristics.
5. Collaborative Robotics (Cobots): AI enables robots to collaborate safely with humans in shared workspaces. Techniques like force and torque sensing, as well as predictive modeling of human behavior, ensure safe interaction and task allocation.
6. Learning and Adaptation: AI allows robots to learn from experience and adapt to changing conditions. Adaptive control methods and online learning algorithms help robots continuously improve their performance and efficiency.

In summary, AI transforms robotics by providing capabilities for perception, decision-making, and adaptive behavior, making robots more versatile and effective in a wide range of applications from manufacturing and logistics to healthcare and exploration.