International agreements aimed at climate change mitigation have gained significance through their establishment.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) which was created in 1992 serves as the fundamental international guiding document to enhance climate change cooperation.

The Kyoto Protocol established during 1997 set mandatory emission reduction requirements that applied to developed nations.

The Paris Agreement (2015) functions as a significant protocol to maintain global warming below two degrees Celsius above initial industrial temperature levels. The agreement stimulates countries to develop individualized Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for emission reductions.

These agreements aim to:

The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved through implementing renewable power systems along with increased energy efficiency methods and sustainable land usage techniques.
The development of climate change adaptation strategies gets better through country-specific support for implementing strategies against sea-level rise events along with extreme weather conditions and decreasing agricultural productivity.
The promotion of international cooperation enables countries to collaborate by exchanging climate change adaptation methods through technological support and financial programs and development resources.

Challenges and Limitations:

Numerous nations experience difficulties in NDC execution since they lack monetary support combined with insufficient technological resources alongside operational capacity.

The current NDCs face criticism because experts claim they do not achieve the required level of ambition for maintaining a 1.5 degrees Celsius maximum temperature rise according to Paris Agreement objectives.

International relations based on geopolitical tensions together with weak cooperation between nations frequently block the successful application of climate agreements.

These international agreements create a vital foundation which enables worldwide climate change initiatives despite existing difficulties. The success of our global efforts to combat this serious challenge depends on sustained work to improve these agreements and their operational practices.