Governments can implement several effective policies to reduce carbon emissions:

1. Carbon Pricing: Establishing a carbon tax or cap-and-trade system encourages businesses to reduce emissions by putting a price on carbon. This incentivizes the adoption of cleaner technologies.
2. Renewable Energy Incentives: Providing subsidies or tax credits for renewable energy projects, such as solar, wind, and geothermal, can accelerate the transition from fossil fuels to sustainable energy sources.
3. Energy Efficiency Standards: Implementing stricter energy efficiency standards for buildings, appliances, and vehicles can significantly reduce energy consumption and emissions.
4. Public Transportation Investment: Expanding and improving public transportation systems encourages people to use more sustainable modes of transport, reducing reliance on personal vehicles.
5. Regulations on Industry: Enforcing stricter emissions regulations on industries, particularly those in heavy polluting sectors, can drive innovation in cleaner processes and technologies.
6. Reforestation and Conservation: Investing in reforestation and protecting natural carbon sinks, like forests and wetlands, enhances carbon capture and storage.

By combining these policies, governments can create a comprehensive strategy to effectively lower carbon emissions and combat climate change.