Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, primarily caused by human activities. The burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas releases greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat, leading to global warming. Deforestation and industrial processes also contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions.

The effects of climate change are widespread and profound. Rising global temperatures cause more frequent and severe weather events, including hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves. Melting ice caps and glaciers contribute to rising sea levels, which threaten coastal communities and ecosystems. Changes in precipitation patterns lead to water shortages in some regions and flooding in others, impacting agriculture and food security.

Biodiversity is at risk as species struggle to adapt to rapidly changing environments, leading to habitat loss and extinction. Human health is affected by increased heat-related illnesses and the spread of diseases.

Mitigating climate change requires global cooperation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Transitioning to renewable energy sources, enhancing energy efficiency, and reforestation are critical strategies. Additionally, adapting to the impacts of climate change involves building resilient infrastructure, protecting natural ecosystems, and developing sustainable agricultural practices. Immediate and sustained action is crucial to address this pressing global challenge.