Nanotechnology significantly enhances water purification and filtration through advanced materials and innovative processes. Nanoparticles like silver and titanium dioxide possess antimicrobial properties, effectively eliminating bacteria and viruses. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offer large surface areas and strong adsorption capabilities, efficiently removing heavy metals and organic pollutants.

Nanomembranes, with precise pore sizes, selectively filter contaminants while retaining beneficial minerals and providing high permeability for faster filtration rates and reduced energy consumption. Nanostructured materials such as graphene oxide enhance the adsorption of pollutants like arsenic and fluoride, while magnetic nanoparticles facilitate easy removal of contaminants using magnetic fields.

Nanocatalysts, including titanium dioxide, enable photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and pathogens under light. Nano-enhanced membranes in desalination improve salt rejection rates and water flux, making the process more efficient and cost-effective.

Combining nanotechnology with existing methods, like hybrid nanofiltration systems, enhances performance and reliability. Moreover, nano-enhanced materials lower the energy required for water treatment, promoting sustainability. These advancements offer scalable, affordable solutions for clean water access, benefiting both developed and resource-limited regions.