Roadmap for Answer Writing
- Introduction
- Briefly introduce the India-Sri Lanka fisheries dispute.
- Mention its significance in the context of bilateral relations and regional stability.
- Key Issues in the Dispute
- Recurrent Arrests: Describe how Indian fishermen are often arrested for straying into Sri Lankan waters.
- Violation of the IMBL: Explain the claims of historical fishing rights by Indian fishermen and the implications of the International Maritime Boundary Line (IMBL).
- Depletion of Fish Stocks: Discuss how overfishing on the Indian side affects the situation.
- Bottom-Trawling: Highlight the environmental concerns raised by Sri Lanka regarding this practice.
- National Security Concerns: Mention Sri Lanka’s fears regarding potential security threats linked to fishing activities.
- Katchatheevu Dispute: Briefly address the ownership and usage issues related to Katchatheevu Island.
- Impact of the Dispute
- Discuss socio-economic impacts on fishing communities.
- Highlight enforcement challenges faced by both countries.
- Explain the environmental consequences of current fishing practices.
- International Legal Framework
- Mention relevant treaties such as UNCLOS and UNFSA that govern fishing rights and responsibilities.
- Suggested Solutions
- Propose establishing a joint marine resource management authority.
- Recommend promoting deep-sea fishing and alternative livelihoods for fishermen.
- Advocate for stricter enforcement of sustainable fishing practices.
- Suggest enhancing regional cooperation and technology sharing.
- Call for a humanitarian framework for dealing with detained fishermen.
- Conclusion
- Summarize the importance of resolving the dispute for both nations.
- Emphasize the need for cooperation to ensure sustainable marine resource management.
The fisheries dispute betweenтАВIndia and Sri Lanka encompasses a myriad of historical, economic and environmental dynamics. The main category of conflict consists of the overlapping fishing grounds and destructive fishingтАВactions, mainly bottom trawling by Indian fishermen in the Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar. This exceptionally effective method has drastic environmental affects,тАВdraining marine resources and destroying fragile ecosystems.
The problems consist of overfishing of fish shares, results at the livelihoods of nearby fishers and the degradation ofтАВmarine biodiversity. The dispute has complicated diplomatic family members between the two international locations with broader implications for localтАВcooperation and stability.
AтАВmulti-angled approach is needed to combat these threats. Both nations need to regulate fishing practices that are harmful, including a ban on bottom trawling and aтАВmove towards more sustainable methods. Secondly, if a management joint committeeтАВis established, it can help get both parties talking and working together, coordinating fishing so as to avoid conflicts. Third, invest in alternative livelihood programs for fishermenтАВto reduce pressure on overfished areas and promote economic diversification.
India and Sri Lanka can manageтАВtheir marine resources, preserve the environment, and ensure long-term commercial viability for coastal areas by reframing their rules of engagement.
Your answer identifies key issues in the India-Sri Lanka fisheries dispute, such as overlapping fishing grounds, destructive practices like bottom trawling, and the environmental impacts on marine ecosystems. It also suggests viable solutions, including banning bottom trawling, establishing a joint committee, and promoting alternative livelihoods.
Swaswati you can use this feedback also
However, the answer lacks critical details and data. The specific number of Indian fishermen affected, the volume of marine resource depletion, and the economic impacts on both countries’ local fishermen could strengthen the analysis. It also omits key facts such as the 1974 and 1976 maritime boundary agreements and the Katchatheevu Island’s role in the conflict. Furthermore, citing Sri Lankan laws, such as the Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Act that bans bottom trawling, would enhance the depth of the proposed solutions.
Incorporating relevant data and legal frameworks would make the answer more comprehensive and factually robust.
Model Answer
Introduction
The fisheries dispute between India and Sri Lanka has persisted for decades, straining diplomatic relations and impacting the livelihoods of fishermen from both nations. This issue is particularly significant due to the geographical proximity of the two countries and the shared resources in the Palk Bay.
Key Issues in the Dispute
One of the primary challenges is the recurrent arrests of Indian fishermen who inadvertently stray into Sri Lankan waters, often due to engine failures or sudden weather changes. These arrests lead to the confiscation and destruction of fishing vessels, resulting in heightened tensions.
Additionally, Indian fishermen claim historical rights to fish beyond the International Maritime Boundary Line (IMBL), leading to disputes over fishing rights in the Palk Bay. The IMBL, established under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), is meant to regulate maritime activities, but its interpretation remains contentious.
Overfishing on the Indian side has exacerbated the issue, forcing fishermen into Sri Lankan waters, which Sri Lanka considers illegal poaching. Furthermore, the practice of bottom-trawling by Indian fishermen poses serious ecological threats to marine habitats, drawing strong opposition from Sri Lanka.
Sri Lanka also expresses national security concerns, fearing that the intrusion of Indian trawlers could facilitate the re-emergence of Tamil militant groups. The ownership of Katchatheevu Island further complicates the situation; while recognized as part of Sri Lanka in a 1974 agreement, access rights for Indian fishermen remain unclear.
Impact of the Dispute
The socio-economic impact on fishing communities is profound, as arrests and conflicts disrupt livelihoods and create distress among families. The rising costs of enforcing the IMBL patrols place a significant strain on resources for both nations. Moreover, distinguishing between genuine fishers and smugglers complicates enforcement and increases the vulnerability of marine resources.
International Legal Framework
The UN Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA) and UNCLOS provide a legal basis for managing fisheries and resolving disputes. These treaties advocate for sustainable fishing practices and cooperation among states sharing marine resources.
Suggested Solutions
To address these issues, establishing a regional fisheries management authority is essential to regulate fishing activities and prevent over-exploitation. The India-Sri Lanka Joint Working Group (JWG) on Fisheries should be revitalized to seek a permanent resolution for fishermen’s issues.
Promoting deep-sea fishing and alternative livelihoods can help reduce pressure on coastal resources. The Indian government should expedite efforts to transition Tamil Nadu fishermen towards deep-sea fishing through initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY).
Strict enforcement of sustainable fishing regulations, along with clear guidelines for joint fishing activities, is crucial. Both countries should enhance regional cooperation through technology sharing and scientific research. Finally, a humanitarian framework for the treatment of detained fishermen must be established to ensure timely repatriation and legal support.
Conclusion
Resolving the India-Sri Lanka fisheries dispute is not merely an economic or environmental necessity; it is a diplomatic imperative that can enhance regional stability. By leveraging shared interests and cooperating on sustainable fishing practices, both nations can strengthen their bilateral ties and contribute to peace and security in the Indo-Pacific region.
Model Answer
Introduction
The fisheries dispute between India and Sri Lanka has persisted for decades, straining diplomatic relations and impacting the livelihoods of fishermen from both nations. This issue is particularly significant due to the geographical proximity of the two countries and the shared resources in the Palk Bay.
Key Issues in the Dispute
One of the primary challenges is the recurrent arrests of Indian fishermen who inadvertently stray into Sri Lankan waters, often due to engine failures or sudden weather changes. These arrests lead to the confiscation and destruction of fishing vessels, resulting in heightened tensions.
Additionally, Indian fishermen claim historical rights to fish beyond the International Maritime Boundary Line (IMBL), leading to disputes over fishing rights in the Palk Bay. The IMBL, established under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), is meant to regulate maritime activities, but its interpretation remains contentious.
Overfishing on the Indian side has exacerbated the issue, forcing fishermen into Sri Lankan waters, which Sri Lanka considers illegal poaching. Furthermore, the practice of bottom-trawling by Indian fishermen poses serious ecological threats to marine habitats, drawing strong opposition from Sri Lanka.
Sri Lanka also expresses national security concerns, fearing that the intrusion of Indian trawlers could facilitate the re-emergence of Tamil militant groups. The ownership of Katchatheevu Island further complicates the situation; while recognized as part of Sri Lanka in a 1974 agreement, access rights for Indian fishermen remain unclear.
Impact of the Dispute
The socio-economic impact on fishing communities is profound, as arrests and conflicts disrupt livelihoods and create distress among families. The rising costs of enforcing the IMBL patrols place a significant strain on resources for both nations. Moreover, distinguishing between genuine fishers and smugglers complicates enforcement and increases the vulnerability of marine resources.
International Legal Framework
The UN Fish Stocks Agreement (UNFSA) and UNCLOS provide a legal basis for managing fisheries and resolving disputes. These treaties advocate for sustainable fishing practices and cooperation among states sharing marine resources.
Suggested Solutions
To address these issues, establishing a regional fisheries management authority is essential to regulate fishing activities and prevent over-exploitation. The India-Sri Lanka Joint Working Group (JWG) on Fisheries should be revitalized to seek a permanent resolution for fishermen’s issues.
Promoting deep-sea fishing and alternative livelihoods can help reduce pressure on coastal resources. The Indian government should expedite efforts to transition Tamil Nadu fishermen towards deep-sea fishing through initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY).
Strict enforcement of sustainable fishing regulations, along with clear guidelines for joint fishing activities, is crucial. Both countries should enhance regional cooperation through technology sharing and scientific research. Finally, a humanitarian framework for the treatment of detained fishermen must be established to ensure timely repatriation and legal support.
Conclusion
Resolving the India-Sri Lanka fisheries dispute is not merely an economic or environmental necessity; it is a diplomatic imperative that can enhance regional stability. By leveraging shared interests and cooperating on sustainable fishing practices, both nations can strengthen their bilateral ties and contribute to peace and security in the Indo-Pacific region.
The fisheries dispute between India and Sri Lanka in the Palk Bay region has been a source of tension for decades, impacting the livelihoods of local fishermen and the sustainability of marine resources. Addressing this issue requires understanding the key challenges and implementing collaborative solutions.
Key Issues
Illegal Fishing and Bottom Trawling: Indian fishermen have been accused of engaging in bottom trawling within Sri Lankan waters, leading to resource depletion and environmental concerns.
Impact on Livelihoods: In 2024, Sri Lankan authorities arrested over 500 Indian fishermen, the highest number in a decade, highlighting the economic vulnerabilities of these communities.
Environmental Degradation: The use of destructive fishing practices threatens marine biodiversity, affecting both nations’ fisheries and coastal ecosystems.
Suggested Solutions
Promote Sustainable Fishing Practices: Encouraging eco-friendly fishing methods and enforcing regulations can help preserve marine ecosystems. Initiatives like the Mannar Region Systemic Solutions (MARESSOL) project aim to address issues like abandoned, lost, and discarded fishing gear, contributing to marine conservation.
Enhance Bilateral Cooperation: Establishing joint working groups, such as the India-Sri Lanka Joint Working Group on Fisheries, can facilitate dialogue, share best practices, and develop mutually beneficial policies.
Develop Alternative Livelihoods: Providing alternative livelihoods for fishermen can reduce the pressure on marine resources. For example, the “Support to the Government on Marine and Coastal Resource Management and Sustainable Livelihoods in Northern Sri Lanka” project focuses on sustainable livelihoods and marine conservation.
Strengthen Legal Frameworks: Both nations should harmonize their fishing regulations and ensure strict enforcement to prevent illegal fishing activities. This includes addressing issues related to traditional fishing rights and modern fishing practices.
Engage in Diplomatic Dialogue: Continuous diplomatic efforts are essential to address grievances, negotiate fishing rights, and collaborate on marine resource management. Recent discussions between India and Sri Lanka have focused on reducing power purchase costs and promoting renewable energy, demonstrating the potential for cooperation.
By tackling these issues collaboratively, India and Sri Lanka can work towards a sustainable and peaceful resolution, ensuring the long-term health of their marine resources and the well-being of their fishing communities.
The answer provides a comprehensive overview of the key issues in the India-Sri Lanka fisheries dispute, such as illegal fishing, livelihood impacts, and environmental degradation. It also outlines viable solutions, including promoting sustainable fishing practices, enhancing bilateral cooperation, developing alternative livelihoods, strengthening legal frameworks, and engaging in diplomatic dialogue.
Adheesh You can use this feedback also
However, a few key facts and data are missing:
Geographical context: Mentioning the Palk Bay region and maritime boundary agreements could provide clarity.
Historical background: A brief reference to the Kachchatheevu agreement (1974), which exacerbated the issue, is important.
Recent developments: More details about recent India-Sri Lanka talks on fisheries and actions taken by both governments could be added.
Fishermen’s dependence: Highlighting the number of Indian and Sri Lankan fishermen dependent on the region could add weight to the livelihood concerns.
Sustainability data: Incorporating statistics on the depletion of marine resources or data on trawling’s environmental impact could strengthen the argument for sustainable practices.
Inclusion of these facts and data would enhance the answer’s depth and make it more well-rounded.
Introduction
The India-Sri Lanka fisheries dispute involves key issues related to maritime boundaries, resource access, and the livelihood of fishermen in both countries.
Key Issues
Maritime Boundaries: The boundary line between India and Sri Lanka in the Palk Strait is unclear, leading to conflicts over fishing rights.
Poaching: Indian fishermen frequently cross into Sri Lankan waters, leading to accusations of poaching, illegal fishing practices, and over-exploitation of resources.
Impact on Livelihoods: Both Indian and Sri Lankan fishermen rely on the same marine resources for their livelihoods, but clashes disrupt their work, leading to economic hardship.
Environmental Concerns: Overfishing, particularly in the Palk Strait, threatens marine ecosystems and the sustainability of fish stocks.
Suggested Solutions
Bilateral Agreements: Establish clear fishing zones and regulations through diplomatic negotiations.
Joint Monitoring: Implement a joint task force to monitor fishing activities and ensure sustainable practices.
Community Engagement: Promote awareness and collaboration among fishermen for sustainable practices, including using eco-friendly techniques.
Conclusion
Effective diplomacy, resource-sharing agreements, and cooperative management are key to resolving the fisheries dispute and ensuring long-term sustainability.
The answer covers the basic issues related to the India-Sri Lanka fisheries dispute but lacks depth and specific data. Key missing facts include the 1974 and 1976 maritime agreements, which demarcated the India-Sri Lanka maritime boundary but left room for interpretation. Additionally, the Katchatheevu Island, ceded by India to Sri Lanka in 1974, is a significant point of contention that should be mentioned. Data on the number of Indian fishermen arrested, the volume of fish catch in contested areas, and environmental degradation statistics are also missing.
Ajay You can use this feedback also
On the solutions side, more concrete suggestions, such as promoting deep-sea fishing for Indian fishermen to reduce pressure on the Palk Strait, could enhance the answer. The role of international organizations like the FAO in facilitating sustainable practices is also worth mentioning.
Including data and elaborating on specific facts would strengthen the overall argument and make the answer more comprehensive.