Roadmap for Answer Writing

1. Introduction

• Define Tidal Energy: Begin with a brief definition of tidal energy as a renewable energy source derived from the rise and fall of ocean tides.
• Highlight Potential in India: Mention India’s geographical advantage with its long coastline and specific regions suitable for tidal energy generation.

2. Main Body

A. Potential of Tidal Energy in India

• Geographical Potential:
  • India has a 7,500 km long coastline, offering significant tidal energy opportunities.
• Estimated Capacity:
  • The theoretical potential of tidal energy in India is 12,455 MW.
    • Gulf of Khambat: 7,000 MW.
    • Gulf of Kutch: 1,200 MW.
    • Sundarbans (Gangetic Delta): 100 MW.
• Tidal Range:
  • A tidal range of 7 meters is required for economic operation.
  • Fact: Gujarat has the highest tidal range in India (9–11 meters), making it highly suitable for tidal energy projects.

B. Challenges Hindering Tidal Energy Harnessing

1. Lack of Detailed Studies
   • Insufficient analysis of economic viability, ecological sustainability, and socio-economic impacts.
   • Fact: Potential risks to food security and coastal community livelihoods are not well-studied.
2. Exorbitant Capital Costs
   • High upfront costs discourage investments.
   • Fact: The financial barrier slows project development.
3. Environmental Risks
   • Threats to biodiversity in ecologically sensitive regions like the Gulf of Kutch and Sundarbans.
   • Fact: Environmental concerns must be addressed to ensure project sustainability.
4. Insufficient R&D Funding
   • Limited investment in research and innovation hinders technological advancement and cost efficiency.
   • Fact: Reduced funding for renewable energy R&D affects the sector’s growth potential.
5. Policy Gaps
   • Lack of a dedicated tidal energy policy creates uncertainty and hampers investments.
   • Fact: Clear policy directives are essential for growth.

3. Conclusion

• Summarize the dual aspects of potential and challenges in India’s tidal energy landscape.
• Highlight the importance of addressing challenges through policy support, R&D, and comprehensive studies.
• Emphasize tidal energy’s role in achieving sustainable energy goals.

Relevant Facts for Answer Writing

• Estimated Potential: 12,455 MW.
• Regional Distribution: Gulf of Khambat (7,000 MW), Gulf of Kutch (1,200 MW), Sundarbans (100 MW).
• Tidal Range Requirement: At least 7 meters; Gujarat (9–11 meters).
• Challenges: High costs, lack of policy, environmental risks, insufficient R&D funding, and absence of detailed studies.