Model Answer

Challenges Faced by the Transgender Community in India

Transgender individuals in India face significant challenges such as:

1. Marginalization and Social Exclusion: Transgenders experience severe discrimination, including social rejection, bullying, and violence, leading to mental health issues like depression and anxiety. Many face isolation and poverty, which can result in suicides.
2. Low Literacy Rates: The literacy rate for transgenders is much lower than the general population, impacting their ability to engage in social, cultural, and economic activities.
3. Workplace Discrimination: A 2018 study by the NHRC showed that 96% of transgenders are denied employment, forcing them into low-paying or undignified jobs.
4. Healthcare Barriers: Limited access to healthcare due to lack of specialized providers and financial constraints. HIV prevalence among transgenders is disproportionately high.
5. Homelessness: Many transgenders are rejected by their families and face homelessness.

Government Measures for Protection and Welfare

1. Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019: Provides protections in education, employment, and healthcare, ensuring their rights are safeguarded.
2. National Council for Transgender Persons: Established to address issues affecting transgenders and advocate for their welfare.
3. SMILE Scheme: An umbrella scheme focusing on the livelihood and rehabilitation of transgenders.
4. National Portal for Transgender Persons: Enables transgenders to digitally apply for a certificate and identity card, simplifying bureaucratic processes.
5. Ayushman Bharat-PMJAY: Inclusive health coverage for transgender people.
6. Garima Grehs: Shelters offering transgenders basic needs and support to lead dignified lives.

These steps, while crucial, need to be expanded with greater social awareness and behavioral change to integrate the transgender community fully into society.