Roadmap for Answer Writing

1. Introduction
   • Briefly introduce the CAG and its constitutional basis.
   • State the assertion that it is the most significant office for ensuring financial accountability and transparency.
2. Significance of the CAG
   • Highlight Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s perspective on the CAG’s role.
   • Explain the independence of the CAG as outlined in Article 148 of the Constitution.
3. Functions of the CAG
   • Auditing Responsibilities
     • Discuss the CAG’s role in auditing central and state government accounts, including public sector undertakings.
     • Source: Constitution of India, Article 149.
   • Ensuring Compliance
     • Describe how the CAG ensures that government financial operations comply with laws and regulations.
     • Source: CAG Annual Reports.
4. Accountability Mechanisms
   • Explain how CAG reports hold the Executive accountable to Parliament.
   • Mention the presentation of these reports to the President and legislative bodies.
   • Source: CAG’s Official Website.
5. Evaluation of Expenditure
   • Discuss how the CAG assesses the legality and effectiveness of government expenditures.
   • Reference the CAG’s ability to comment on the economy and efficiency of public spending.
   • Source: CAG Performance Audits.
6. Performance Audits
   • Explain the importance of performance audits conducted by the CAG to evaluate government schemes and programs.
   • Source: CAG Performance Audit Reports.
7. Conclusion
   • Summarize the key points that support the assertion of the CAG’s significance.
   • Reinforce its role as a guardian of public finances and a check on government power.

Relevant Facts for the Answer

1. Constitutional Basis:
   • The CAG is established under Article 148 of the Constitution of India, which outlines its independence and authority.
2. Auditing Scope:
   • The CAG audits the accounts of the central government, state governments, and public sector undertakings (Source: Constitution of India).
3. Accountability Reports:
   • CAG reports are presented to the President and laid before Parliament, serving as crucial information sources for legislative scrutiny (Source: CAG Annual Reports).
4. Financial Compliance:
   • The CAG ensures that government expenditures comply with legal frameworks, highlighting discrepancies (Source: CAG’s Compliance Audit Reports).
5. Performance Evaluation:
   • The CAG conducts performance audits to assess the effectiveness of government programs, which are essential for improving public service delivery (Source: CAG Performance Audit Reports).

By following this roadmap and utilizing these facts, the answer can comprehensively address the significance of the CAG in ensuring financial accountability and transparency in the Indian government.