Floods and droughts have consistently posed severe challenges to Bihar’s growth, disrupting agriculture, infrastructure, and livelihoods. Science and technology offer valuable solutions to mitigate the impacts of these natural disasters and improve disaster management in Bihar.

1. Early Warning Systems

• Advanced technology allows for timely predictions of extreme weather events, helping Bihar prepare for floods and droughts. The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) and Central Water Commission (CWC) employ tools such as Doppler radar, satellite imagery, and meteorological data to issue warnings and track monsoon patterns. These systems are essential for communities in high-risk areas like northern Bihar, which is vulnerable to rivers originating in Nepal that flood during the monsoon season.

2. Prediction and Forecasting Models

• Short- and long-term weather forecasts, including flood forecasting by the CWC, help authorities monitor water levels in rivers and predict flood severity. Predictive models combined with satellite technology provide essential information to make proactive decisions regarding flood control and response, lessening the damage to crops, homes, and infrastructure.

3. Monitoring and Surveillance

• Drones and satellite imagery, supported by organizations like ISRO, provide real-time assessments of flood-affected areas, allowing the government to direct resources more effectively. Bihar has partnered with ISRO to monitor and respond to flood and drought conditions by using satellites like Cartosat-2 and Oceansat-2, which provide high-resolution images critical for assessing the scale and severity of disasters.

4. Hazard Mapping and Risk Assessment

• Science-based hazard mapping, conducted by agencies like the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), identifies areas most at risk of floods and droughts. This information informs urban planning and infrastructure development, enabling Bihar to focus on building flood-resistant structures and establishing emergency resources in vulnerable regions.

5. Communication and Information Dissemination

• The state uses mobile apps and social media for early warnings and public alerts. For instance, the Bihar government developed the Indravajra app, which sends alerts about lightning risks. Digital communication tools ensure that accurate, real-time information reaches remote areas, helping communities prepare for extreme weather.

6. Infrastructure Development

• Science and engineering advancements aid in developing resilient infrastructure. For example, river embankments in flood-prone areas are fortified with durable materials, while geo-textiles are used for protecting riverbanks against erosion. Projects like interlinking Bihar’s rivers, such as the Kosi-Mechi link, aim to balance water resources, reducing both flood and drought risks.

7. Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction

• Innovative technology like 3D printing can expedite the reconstruction of damaged structures. With faster production of replacement parts for damaged infrastructure, 3D printing offers a cost-effective approach to restoring essential facilities. This technology can significantly reduce recovery time and help communities rebuild after severe weather events.