Answer the question in maximum 100 words. This question carries 06 marks. [MPPSC 2019]
Briefly discuss the emergency powers of the President of India.
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Emergency Powers of the President of India
1. National Emergency (Article 352)
2. State Emergency (President’s Rule) (Article 356)
3. Financial Emergency (Article 360)
These powers help the President ensure the country’s stability during crises.
Introduction : If there is ever an economic, social and constitutional crisis in the country, the President is empowered through some clauses.
There are 3 Article given in indian constitution which is (352) (356/365) (360) :
1.Article 352 : It’s about a national emergency, If there is a national crisis in the country, the President can declare emergency. Before this, the President needs the approval of the Parliament, and if it is to be removed, the approval of the Lok Sabha is automatically cancelled within 6 months.
2.356 its about state Emergency, If there is any crisis in the state, the Governor informs the President and can impose a state of emergency, which is for 6 months and can be extended beyond 3 years.
3.360 its about Financial Emergency It is implemented by the President at the time of economic crisis in the country.
Under the following conditions regarding the President of India, powers for declaring emergencies are conferred upon the Constitution:
1. Article 352: National Emergency: It can be declared in the case of war, external aggression, or armed rebellion. Usually, the whole nation or parts of it get affected and central government gets all such powers that can bypass state governance.
2. State Emergency (President’s Rule, Article 356): It is declared in case the constitutional machinery of a state fails. In this period, the President actually governs the state.
3. Financial Emergency Article 360 Declared when India’s financial stability comes into peril. This allows the Centre to reduce salaries and control the finances of states.
All declarations of emergency require parliamentary sanction.