Photochemical Smog:

Photochemical smog, also known as Los Angeles smog, is a type of air pollution formed through chemical reactions involving sunlight, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These reactions create ground-level ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter, leading to:

*Formation Process:*

1. Emissions from vehicles, industrial activities, and fossil fuel combustion release NOx and VOCs.
2. Sunlight triggers chemical reactions, converting NOx and VOCs into ozone and other pollutants.
3. These pollutants accumulate in the atmosphere, forming photochemical smog.

*Characteristics:*

1. Yellowish-brown haze
2. Eye irritation and respiratory problems
3. Damage to crops and vegetation
4. Reduced visibility

*Effects on Human Health:*

1. Respiratory issues (asthma, bronchitis)
2. Cardiovascular problems
3. Eye and skin irritation
4. Increased risk of lung cancer

*Control Measures:*

1. Reduce vehicle emissions
2. Implement emission standards
3. Promote clean energy sources
4. Increase fuel efficiency
5. Plant trees and greenery to absorb pollutants

*Regions Affected:*

1. Urban areas with high vehicle density
2. Regions with intense industrial activity
3. Areas with sunny and calm weather conditions

Photochemical smog is a significant environmental concern, requiring collective efforts to mitigate its harmful effects on human health and the environment.