What are chromosomes? Describe the types of chromosomes based on the number and position of the centromere. [Answer Limit: 125 words] [UKPSC 2016]
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Chromosomes are thread-like structures located in the nucleus of cells, composed of DNA and proteins. They carry genetic information essential for heredity and cell division. Each species has a specific number of chromosomes, which play a vital role in ensuring proper genetic inheritance.
Based on the number and position of the centromere, chromosomes can be classified into several types:
1. Metacentric Chromosomes: The centromere is located at the midpoint, resulting in two equal arms.
2. Submetacentric Chromosomes: The centromere is slightly off-center, leading to one arm being longer than the other.
3. Acrocentric Chromosomes: The centromere is situated near one end, creating a very short arm and a long arm.
4. Telocentric Chromosomes: The centromere is at the terminal end, resulting in only one arm.
These classifications help in understanding chromosome structure and behavior during cell division.