What do you understand by biometric identification and authentication? Explain in brief the different types of biometric security. Also list the applications of biometric security system. [Answer Limit: 250 words] [UKPSC 2023]
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Biometrics approach to identification and authentication in which unique biological or behavioral characteristics can be used to verify a person. Biometrics offer a more secure and user-friendly alternative compared to standard authentication methods such as passwords and personal identification numbers, as they rely on innate characteristics that are hard to duplicate.
Types of Biometric Security
Fingerprint Recognition: Based on the unique ridges and valleys present on a person’s fingertips. It also has many applications, such as smartphones, laptops, and security systems.
Facial Recognition: Identifies people by analyzing facial features Its common applications are in security cameras, border control and mobile devices for unlocking and authentication.
Studies the complex patterns in the human eye’s iris. This is a highly accurate method and is commonly utilized in high-security conditions.
Voice Authentication: Verifying identities based on the uniqueness of a person’s voice. It is used in telephony and voice systems.
Hand Geometry: This modality measures the shape and size of the hand, such as finger length and width. You are well versed in building and secure area access control systems.
Behavioral Biometrics: Gait (walking style), keystroke dynamics (typing style), and signature verification These are less common but find use in specific scenarios.
Usage of biometrics based security systems
Security and Access Control: Biometrics are used to protect buildings, data centers, and secure areas, allowing only authorized individuals to access these locations.
Mobile Devices: Smart devices utilize finger patterning and face patterns to secure his devices and verify the transactions.
Financial services: Biometrics are used by banks and financial institutions for secure transactions, account access, and fraud prevention.
Law Enforcement: Crime Detectives & Immigration Split detection of individuals using facial and fingerprint recognition
Time & Attendance: Biometric technology is used to monitor attendance and minimize time fraud in multiple industries.
Some benefits of biometric security systems include.