What do you understand by ‘Genetic-Engineering’? Mention its applications. [Answer Limit: 125 words] [UKPSC 2023]
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It is a genetic engineering technique, and it falls in the field of biotechnology, which is defined as the manipulation of the genome of an organism, using biotechnologies. It enables genome editing, deletion or insertion of a gene into a living organism so that the end goals desired by the scientists can be achieved. From medicine to agriculture to industry, this technology is going to change so many fields. In medicine, it promotes the creation of insulin and other therapeutic proteins, allowing costs for treatment of diseases such as diabetes to be lowered. In agriculture, genetically modified crops are more resistant to disease and pest infestation, potentially increasing yield and decreasing the amount of chemicals needed. On an industrial scale, it is also utilized in biofuel and biodegradable plastic production, promoting sustainability in that way as well. Gene editing comes with many advantages; however, you must understand that it carries ethical and environmental implications that must be governed appropriately (Ting et al., 2023).