How are Volcano, Earthquake and Tsunami are related to each other? Highlight all the possible causes of volcanic eruptions.(UPPSC 2018)
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Volcano , tsunami , earthquakes there ar three terms different thinks we discuss following
Volcano – volcano is cindar cones , shield volcano ,composite volcano , there are major types of volcano .
Volcano is a one of the highly fluid liquid material ..it is very harmful to human disaster life . extinct volcano, active volcano ,endegeree volcano
Simply term means volcano is main term of geography.. Come from term god of fire vulcan , mam fire , it is mediterranean sea , ring of fire
India has many volcano area ex , barren island , north east and himalaya has earthquakes area but not volcano present there…besalt rocks main of the
Volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis are interconnected natural disasters that can trigger or exacerbate each other.
*Relationship between Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Tsunamis:*
1. Volcanic eruptions can trigger earthquakes due to movement of magma and gas.
2. Earthquakes can trigger volcanic eruptions by disturbing magma chambers.
3. Volcanic eruptions can generate tsunamis through pyroclastic flows or lahars (mudflows).
4. Tsunamis can trigger earthquakes and volcanic eruptions by altering stress on the seafloor.
*Causes of Volcanic Eruptions:*
*Internal Factors:*
1. Magma buildup and pressure
2. Plate tectonics and subduction
3. Volatiles (water, carbon dioxide) in magma
4. Decrease in pressure (e.g., volcanic cone collapse)
5. Increase in temperature
*External Factors:*
1. Earthquakes (triggering magma movement)
2. Ground deformation (inflation/deflation)
3. Changes in groundwater levels
4. Weather patterns (heavy rainfall, storms)
5. Human activities (drilling, mining)
*Types of Volcanic Eruptions:*
1. Explosive (violent, gas-rich)
2. Effusive (non-explosive, lava flows)
3. Phreatomagmatic (interaction with water)
4. Vulcanian (intermediate, ash-rich)
5. Pelean (pyroclastic flows)
*Tsunami Generation:*
1. Volcanic eruptions (pyroclastic flows, lahars)
2. Earthquakes (seafloor displacement)
3. Landslides (submarine or coastal)
4. Meteorite impacts
*Earthquake-Volcano Interactions:*
1. Volcanic unrest (increased seismicity)
2. Magma movement triggering earthquakes
3. Earthquake-induced volcanic eruptions
4. Changes in volcanic gas emissions
*Notable Examples:*
1. 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami (triggered by earthquake and volcanic activity)
2. 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption (triggered by earthquake)
3. 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami (triggered volcanic eruptions)
4. 1815 Mount Tambora eruption (triggered tsunami)