Answer the question in maximum 50 words/5 to 6 lines. This question carries 05 marks. [MPPSC 2023]
Which type of rainfall occurs by mountain ranges?
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Orographic precipitation happens in mountainous regions when humid air is lifted by the presence of mountains. Precipitation occurs on the windward side of the range as the air rises, cools, and condenses. The sheltered area, also called the rain shadow, experiences much lower levels of precipitation. This kind of precipitation is frequent in areas such as the Western Ghats and the Himalayas.
The type of rainfall that occurs by mountain ranges is called orographic rainfall. This phenomenon happens when moist air is forced to rise over mountains or high terrain. As the air ascends, it cools and condenses, leading to cloud formation and precipitation on the windward side of the mountain. The resulting rainfall is often heavy, contributing to lush vegetation in these areas. Conversely, the leeward side, known as the rain shadow, experiences significantly less rainfall, leading to drier conditions. Orographic rainfall is vital for maintaining water supply and supporting ecosystems in mountainous regions around the world.