The original teachings of Buddha, founded in the 5th century BCE, primarily focus on the nature of suffering and the path to liberation. Central to his teachings are the Four Noble Truths. The First Noble Truth, “Dukkha,” acknowledges that suffering is an inherent part of life. The Second Noble Truth identifies “Tanha” or desire as the root cause of suffering. The Third Noble Truth emphasizes that the cessation of suffering is attainable through the relinquishment of desire. The Fourth Noble Truth outlines the Eightfold Path, a guide to ethical and mental development, consisting of Right Understanding, Right Intent, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration.

Buddha also emphasized the concepts of “Anicca” (impermanence) and “Anatta” (non-self), teaching that all phenomena are transient and that the notion of a permanent self is an illusion. His teachings promote compassion, mindfulness, and ethical living, advocating for non-violence and harmony with others.

Through meditation and mindful practices, individuals can cultivate insight into the nature of existence, ultimately leading to Nirvana—freedom from the cycle of birth and rebirth (Samsara). Buddha’s teachings have had a profound impact on spiritual traditions and continue to guide millions toward inner peace and understanding. His emphasis on direct experience and personal realization distinguishes Buddhism from other religious traditions, making it a practical philosophy for many seekers of truth.