Sort Indian soils according to their rock composition. [Answer Limit: 125 words] [UKPSC 2012]
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Indian soils can be classified based on the parent rocks into four main categories:
Alluvial Soils: Derived from river sediments, these are primarily found in the Indo-Gangetic plains and are fertile, supporting agriculture.
Black Soils: Originating from volcanic rocks, especially basalt, they are mainly found in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat, known for retaining moisture and being suitable for cotton cultivation.
Red Soils: Formed from the weathering of ancient crystalline rocks, prevalent in southern and eastern India, they are rich in iron and suitable for crops like millets and pulses.
Laterite Soils: Resulting from the weathering of rocks in tropical climates, these soils are found in regions like Kerala and Karnataka, often acidic and suitable for plantation crops.