World Health Organization (WHO) defines Climate change as the long-term changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, which can have significant impacts on human health, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Socio economic impacts of Climate change –

1. Rising sea levels , flooding and extreme weather events damage infrastructure.example-Miami Beach flooding due to sea level rise costing $400 million annually.
2. Climate related disruptions impact trade ,commerce and economic growth.example-Indian drought in 2019 reduced cotton production, affecting textile industry.
3. Increased disease, transmission,heat stress and mental health issues.example-Typhoid fever increase associated with climate-driven water scarcity in Zimbabwe.
4. Rising sea level, drought and extreme weather events forces people to migrate.example -In West Bengal 70,000+ people were displaced due to sea level rise and coastal erosion.
5. Climate change threatens cultural heritage and traditional livelihoods . example -Floods and landslides damage ancient Vijayanagara Empire ruins.
6. Climate related stress reduces agricultural productivity and work efficiency.

Steps taken by government at National and Global level –

1. National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) enhances ecological sustainability .
2. Reducing Emissions Intensity by 45% as compared to 2005 levels .
3. Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE) promotes a healthy, low consumption, and sustainable lifestyle.
4. G20 Leadership focuses on climate finance, energy security, and green hydrogen .
5. Just Transition Energy Partnership framework for phasing out coal.

India’s efforts demonstrate a proactive approach to mitigating climate change impacts. Continued collaboration between government, civil society, and the private sector is crucial for achieving a climate resilient future.