The relationship of population density to environmental sustainability in urban areas is intriguing and multifaceted. Here’s how it breaks down:

Possible Advantages of Density:

Urban sprawl may be prevented by higher density, thus preserving more greenspace and agriculturally viable land.

More people living closer together means that certain core services like public transportation, waste collection, and utilities can be delivered more efficiently at lower cost.

-Less Per-Capita Use of Resources: Theoretically, high-density areas consume energy and water resources more efficiently. Infrastructural elements such as water and energy use can be divided among a large number of individuals.

-Improved Walkability and Cycling: Highly dense, mixed-use environments often encourage walking and cycling. Reduced use of personal vehicles also contributes to less carbon emission.

-Innovation Capability: These are regions of high density that elicit more innovation due to the interaction and exchange of ideas.

Challenges of Higher Density Areas:

Higher Levels of Air and Noise Pollution: High population density can increase levels of pollution, depending on the state of management.
Increased Traffic Congestion: In cases where the region is underdeveloped with regards to infrastructure and transport facilities.

Resource Strain: High-density areas can face challenges in providing adequate water, energy, and waste disposal services if not managed appropriately.

Social Concerns: There may be some social concerns regarding overcrowding and unavailability of open spaces, thus increased competition in terms of consumption of resources.
Environmental Justice: Negative impacts can also be highly differential to marginalised communities
Important Considerations
Urban Planning: Sustainable Urban planning is of great importance that will reduce negative impacts of High-density. That includes:
Mass public transportations: Developing and well-planned public transportation infrastructures are much important.
-Green Infrastructure: Inclusion of green spaces, parks, and urban forests to improve air quality and provide recreational areas.
Sustainable Building Practices: Energy-efficient buildings and sustainable construction materials.
Waste Management Strategies: Effective waste management systems through recycling and composting programs.
-Community Engagement: The residents and stakeholders should be involved in the planning and development process so that the needs and concerns of all community members are addressed.
Conclusion:

Population density and environmental sustainability are not directly proportional in an urban setting. While a higher density has several benefits on the environment and the economy, it poses great challenges too. Sustainability in urban planning and development is key to maximizing the benefits brought about by a higher density, thus minimizing potential negative impacts.