Answer the question in maximum 200 words. This question carries 11 marks. [MPPSC 2023]
Describe the mountain classification based on geomorphological features.
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Classification of Mountains Based on Geomorphological Characteristics
Mountains are significant landforms that can be classified based on their geomorphological characteristics, which pertain to their origin, structure, and formation processes. Here’s a detailed classification along with recent examples:
1. Fold Mountains:
Definition: Fold mountains are formed primarily by the collision of tectonic plates, which causes the Earth’s crust to fold. These mountains are characterized by complex structures with numerous folds, including anticlines (upward folds) and synclines (downward folds).
Examples:
2. Block Mountains:
Definition: Block mountains, also known as fault-block mountains, are created by tectonic forces that cause the Earth’s crust to fracture into blocks. These blocks are then uplifted or down-dropped relative to each other along faults.
Examples:
3. Volcanic Mountains:
Definition: Volcanic mountains are formed by volcanic activity where magma from the Earth’s mantle erupts through the crust, creating cones or domes of volcanic material.
Examples:
4. Residual Mountains:
Definition: Residual mountains, also known as denudation mountains, are formed through the process of erosion. They are typically old mountains that have been worn down over time, leaving behind remnants of their original structure.
Examples:
5. Dome Mountains:
Definition: Dome mountains are formed when magma pushes the Earth’s crust upwards without erupting. The uplifted rock forms a dome shape, which may later be eroded to expose the underlying structure.
Examples:
Conclusion
The classification of mountains based on geomorphological characteristics provides insight into their formation processes and structural features. Recent geological activities and studies in regions like the Himalayas, Sierra Nevada, and Kilauea enhance our understanding of these diverse mountain types.