Roadmap for Answer Writing
1. Introduction
- Context: Briefly introduce the NHM, established in 2005 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, aimed at developing horticulture.
- Significance: Highlight the importance of NHM in enhancing agricultural productivity and farmer livelihood.
2. Role of NHM in Boosting Production and Productivity
A. Integrated Development of Horticulture (IDH)
- Description: Explain the IDH initiative that integrates production, processing, and marketing.
B. Modernization of Production Techniques
- Technological Advancements: Discuss the use of cutting-edge technology and eco-friendly practices.
- Fact: “Examples include the use of harvester machines for sorting coffee beans.”
C. Farmer Aggregation
- Collaboration: Describe the encouragement of forming Farmer Interest Groups (FIGs) and Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) to achieve economies of scale.
D. Governance and Market Access
- Creation of Boards: Explain the establishment of crop-specific boards (e.g., coffee, cashew) to streamline production and marketing.
E. Capacity Building and Training
- Knowledge Transfer: Discuss NHM’s role in providing training programs to enhance farmers’ skills in production and marketing.
3. Success in Increasing Farmers’ Income
A. Production Growth Metrics
- Quantitative Data: Present data showing the growth in production.
- Fact: “Fruit production increased from 43.5 million tonnes in 2004-05 to 107.7 million tonnes in 2021-22.”
B. Area Expansion
- Statistics: Mention the average growth rate in area and production.
- Fact: “Area under horticulture grew at an average rate of 3% per annum.”
C. Diversification and Alternative Income
- Crop Diversification: Discuss how NHM has promoted high-value crops alongside traditional farming.
D. Market Opportunities and Employment
- Impact on Employment: Highlight how NHM has created new market opportunities, leading to reduced rural unemployment.
4. Conclusion
- Summary: Recap the key roles of NHM in boosting production and income.
- Future Outlook: Discuss ongoing challenges such as infrastructure and market access that need to be addressed for further success.
Model Answer
Introduction
The National Horticulture Mission (NHM) was launched in 2005 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare to enhance the production and productivity of horticultural crops in India. Its primary objective is to develop horticulture to its maximum potential across various states.
Role of NHM in Boosting Productivity and Income
Success in Increasing Farmers’ Income
The NHM has significantly impacted farmers’ income through various measures:
Conclusion
The NHM has played a crucial role in transforming horticulture in India, leading to increased production, productivity, and farmer income. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure and market access remain, necessitating ongoing efforts to stabilize and enhance farmers’ income.
Role of National Horticulture Mission (NHM) in Boosting Horticulture
Introduction
The National Horticulture Mission (NHM), launched in 2005, aims to enhance the production, productivity, and income of horticulture farms in India. It focuses on promoting various horticultural crops, including fruits, vegetables, flowers, and spices.
Boosting Production and Productivity
NHM has facilitated the development of infrastructure such as cold storage, packhouses, and processing units. For instance, the establishment of cold storage facilities under NHM has helped in reducing post-harvest losses of fruits and vegetables, thereby increasing the overall production.
The mission provides subsidies and financial support for various horticultural activities, including the adoption of modern technology and practices. This has led to the adoption of drip irrigation systems, high-yielding varieties, and greenhouses, which have significantly boosted productivity.
NHM supports research and development activities, leading to the introduction of improved varieties and pest management practices. The development of disease-resistant varieties has improved crop yields and quality.
Increasing Farmer Income
NHM enhances market linkages through initiatives such as Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), which help farmers get better prices for their produce. For example, the establishment of Kisan Call Centers and online marketing platforms has facilitated direct sales to consumers.
NHM promotes diversification and value addition activities. Initiatives like organic farming and product processing have enabled farmers to enter higher value markets. The Rajasthan government’s support for processing units for fruits and vegetables has led to increased farmer incomes.
Success in Increasing Farmer Income
According to data, NHM has contributed to a significant increase in horticultural production, with the area under horticulture crops expanding by approximately 20% over the past decade. For instance, the production of mangoes and citrus fruits has seen substantial growth.
Reports suggest that farmers involved in NHM-supported activities have experienced a 20-30% increase in income due to better yields and market access. Success stories include apple growers in Himachal Pradesh, who have seen improved returns due to better storage and marketing facilities.
Recent Examples
Conclusion
The National Horticulture Mission has played a crucial role in enhancing horticultural production, productivity, and farmer incomes through infrastructure development, financial assistance, and market linkages. Its efforts have resulted in notable successes, although continued focus on market access and technological adoption is essential for sustaining income growth among farmers.