Landforms are natural geological features or shapes that make up the earth’s surface including mountains, hills, valleys, plateaus, plains, canyons and other visible landscape elements formed by erosion, deposition and tectonic processes.

Landforms formed by wind erosion also known as aeolian erosion include deflation basins, blowouts, yardangs and mushroom rocks. Wind abrasion creates unique features like ventifacts and dreikanter. Erosion by wind also forms caves, arches and peculiar rock formations in arid and coastal regions, reshaping landscapes over time.

Landforms formed by Depositional works –

1. Fluvial depositional landforms are features formed by river sediment accumulation including deltas, floodplains, alluvial fans and river terraces formations.
2.  Aeolian depositional landforms are features formed by wind-blown sediment accumulation, including dunes, loess plains, sand drifts and yardangs formations naturally.
3. Glacial depositional landforms are features formed by melting glacier sediment accumulation, including moraines, drumlins, eskers, kames and outwash plains formations.
4.  Coastal depositional landforms are features formed by ocean sediment accumulation, including beaches, sandbars, spits, barrier islands and deltas formations naturally.
5.  Marine depositional landforms are underwater or coastal features formed by sea sediment accumulation, including coral reefs, atolls, sea mounts and continental shelves.

Landforms provide vital ecosystem services, support biodiversity and offer resources like water, minerals and fertile soil, while also serving as recreational, tourism and cultural sites, sustaining human livelihoods and well being.