Major Pressure Groups in Indian Politics and Their Role

1. Types of Pressure Groups:

• Business and Industrial Groups: These include organizations like the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI). They advocate for pro-business policies, economic reforms, and regulatory changes that benefit their sectors.
• Trade Unions: Groups such as the Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS) and the Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) represent the interests of workers and labourers. They focus on issues like wage increases, working conditions, and labour rights.
• Professional Associations: Organizations like the Bar Council of India and the Indian Medical Association (IMA) represent the interests of professionals and specialists, advocating for legislative changes and professional standards.
• Social and Environmental Groups: Entities such as Greenpeace India and the National Association for the Blind work on environmental protection and social justice, influencing policy-making and raising awareness on various issues.

2. Roles in Indian Politics:

• Influencing Policy: Pressure groups actively lobby for policy changes and legislative reforms. For example, CII has played a significant role in advocating economic reforms and deregulation.
• Shaping Public Opinion: They use media campaigns and public demonstrations to shape public opinion on issues. For instance, Greenpeace India has led campaigns against environmental degradation.
• Representation of Interests: They represent specific interest groups and ensure their voices are heard in policy discussions. The BMS and INTUC negotiate with the government for better labour laws and employee benefits.

3. Recent Example:

• During the farmers’ protests of 2020-21, various farmers’ unions and agricultural pressure groups played a crucial role in mobilizing support, highlighting grievances, and influencing government policies related to farm laws.

Conclusion:
Pressure groups in India significantly impact policy-making, public opinion, and legislative processes. By representing diverse interests and advocating for specific issues, they play a critical role in shaping the political and economic landscape of the country.