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One of the main security concerns is the use of social media and the Internet for subversive purposes by non-state actors. In what ways have these been abused recently? Provide workable instructions to lessen the aforementioned risks. (200 words) [UPSC 2016]
Misuse of Internet and Social Media by Non-State Actors
The misuse of the Internet and social media by non-state actors for subversive activities poses significant security concerns. Recent instances illustrate the extent of this misuse:
**1. Spread of Extremist Ideologies
Non-state actors, such as terrorist groups, use social media platforms to spread extremist ideologies and recruit followers. For example, ISIS has used platforms like Twitter and Facebook to propagate its propaganda and recruit global jihadists. The group’s sophisticated online presence enabled them to attract and radicalize individuals worldwide.
**2. Coordination of Terrorist Activities
Social media and encrypted messaging apps facilitate the coordination of terrorist activities. The 2019 Christchurch mosque shootings were partially planned and coordinated using online platforms, showcasing how attackers use digital channels to communicate and execute their plans.
**3. Disinformation Campaigns
Non-state actors engage in disinformation campaigns to undermine societal trust and spread chaos. Recent Russian disinformation campaigns during the 2016 U.S. presidential election exemplify how false information can be used to influence political outcomes and destabilize democracies.
Guidelines to Curb the Threat
**1. Enhanced Monitoring and Intelligence
Governments and tech companies should invest in advanced monitoring tools and artificial intelligence to detect and disrupt extremist content and illegal activities online. For example, collaboration between platforms like Facebook and law enforcement has led to the removal of thousands of terrorist-related accounts.
**2. Stronger Regulations and Policies
Implement and enforce stricter regulations on content moderation and reporting mechanisms. Countries like Germany have introduced laws requiring social media companies to remove hate speech and extremist content promptly.
**3. Public Awareness and Education
Promote digital literacy and public awareness programs to help users identify and report extremist content and misinformation. Educational initiatives can empower individuals to recognize and resist radicalization efforts online.
By implementing these guidelines, the threat posed by non-state actors using the Internet and social media for subversive activities can be significantly mitigated.
Model Answer
Introduction
The use of the internet and social media by non-state actors for subversive activities has become a major concern worldwide. These platforms, while being avenues for communication and information exchange, are also exploited for spreading propaganda, recruitment, and coordinating malicious activities.
Recent Misuses of Internet and Social Media
Guidelines to Curb the Threat
Conclusion
While the misuse of the internet and social media by non-state actors poses a significant challenge, it can be addressed through concerted efforts involving legal measures, technology, public awareness, and international cooperation, ensuring a safer and secure cyberspace.