Model Answer

Introduction

India has achieved remarkable success in unmanned space missions, exemplified by the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) and Chandrayaan. However, the country has yet to embark on a manned space mission. The primary obstacles to launching such missions are multifaceted, encompassing both technological and logistical challenges.

Technological Challenges

1. Advanced Technology Requirements:
   Manned missions demand sophisticated technology beyond what is needed for unmanned missions. For instance, developing a safe and reliable crew module capable of supporting human life in space is a complex task that involves extensive research and development.
2. Launch and Recovery Systems:
   Reliable launch systems are crucial for crew safety, including mechanisms to abort missions if necessary. Additionally, effective recovery systems must ensure astronauts return to Earth safely, as the return journey can often be more perilous than the launch.
3. Life Support Systems:
   Sustaining human life in space poses significant challenges, such as managing zero gravity, radiation exposure, and temperature fluctuations. Robust life support systems are essential to provide oxygen, food, waste management, and address psychological factors affecting the crew.
4. Astronaut Training:
   Comprehensive astronaut training is vital. This includes mastering piloting skills, managing emergencies, and coping with extended periods in confined spaces.

Logistical and Financial Aspects

1. High Costs:
   Manned missions are substantially more expensive than unmanned ones, necessitating significant financial investments. India has allocated Rs. 10,000 crore for the Gaganyaan mission, reflecting its financial commitment (Source: Government of India).
2. Infrastructure Development:
   Establishing the necessary infrastructure for manned missions involves extensive logistical planning. This includes creating facilities for training, mission control, and vehicle assembly.

India’s Futuristic Approach

The Gaganyaan mission aims to send a three-member crew to space, marking a pivotal step in India’s manned space exploration. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is enhancing technology through the development of a heavy-lift launch vehicle and safety systems. Moreover, efforts to encourage private sector participation through IN-SPACe are expected to strengthen the space ecosystem.

Conclusion

Despite the significant challenges, India is making substantial progress towards its first manned mission, Gaganyaan, which could herald a new era in the country’s space exploration capabilities.