Roadmap for Answer Writing
1. Introduction
- Objective: Introduce the transition from a reactive to a proactive approach in disaster management.
- Importance: Highlight the need for improved disaster management strategies to enhance resilience and preparedness.
2. Key Measures Initiated
A. National Disaster Management Plan
- Description: A comprehensive plan outlining roles and responsibilities in disaster management.
- Fact: Emphasizes a proactive approach to build resilience and reduce disaster risks (Source: Ministry of Home Affairs).
B. Enhancing Emergency Preparedness
- Description: Initiatives like the 2nd BIMSTEC Disaster Management Exercise.
- Fact: Focuses on flood rescue operations to bolster regional response mechanisms (Source: Ministry of External Affairs).
C. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
- Description: A specialized force for effective disaster response.
- Fact: Expanded and strengthened to improve response capabilities with specialized training and equipment (Source: NDRF).
D. Indian Coast Guard Interventions
- Description: Active measures by the Indian Coast Guard during cyclones.
- Fact: Utilizes systems like NAVTEX and Maritime Rescue Coordination Centers for early warnings and preparedness (Source: Indian Coast Guard).
E. Disaster Risk Reduction
- Description: Focus on resilience-building through planning and awareness.
- Fact: Emphasizes land-use planning, early warning systems, and public campaigns to reduce vulnerability (Source: National Disaster Management Authority).
F. Technology-Enabled Disaster Management
- Description: Leveraging technology for improved disaster management.
- Fact: Implementation of the National Disaster Management Information System (NDMIS) and satellite imagery for timely responses (Source: NDMA).
3. Conclusion
- Summary: Recap the key measures and their significance in enhancing disaster management.
- Call to Action: Stress the importance of continuing to strengthen these initiatives for effective disaster risk management.
Recent Measures in Disaster Management by the Government of India
The Government of India has significantly evolved its approach to disaster management in recent years, shifting from a traditionally reactive stance to a more proactive and comprehensive strategy. This transition is characterized by several key measures:
1. National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) 2019: The NDMP 2019 represents a significant departure from the reactive approaches of the past. It emphasizes proactive measures, risk reduction, and resilience building. The plan outlines a clear framework for risk assessment, capacity building, and community involvement, aiming to enhance preparedness and response mechanisms.
2. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) Initiatives: The NDMA has introduced several initiatives to strengthen disaster management. For instance, the National Policy on Disaster Management 2009 was updated to incorporate lessons from recent disasters. The NDMA’s Disaster Management Guidelines and National Disaster Management Plan now focus on integrated risk management and preventive measures, including early warning systems and public awareness campaigns.
3. State-Level Disaster Management Authorities: States have been empowered to formulate and implement their own disaster management plans. For example, the Kerala State Disaster Management Plan includes provisions for community-based disaster management and local-level preparedness, reflecting a more localized and proactive approach.
4. Technological Integration: The use of advanced technologies, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and satellite imagery, has enhanced disaster forecasting and monitoring. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has improved its early warning systems for cyclones and floods, which are crucial for timely evacuations and preparedness.
5. Community Participation and Capacity Building: Recent measures emphasize the importance of community engagement in disaster management. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has launched various programs to train community volunteers and local officials, fostering a culture of preparedness and resilience.
6. Financial and Institutional Support: The creation of the National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) and the National Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF) provides essential resources for both immediate response and long-term recovery efforts. These funds support infrastructure improvements, disaster-proofing, and capacity-building initiatives.
In summary, the Government of India’s recent measures in disaster management reflect a paradigm shift towards a more proactive, technology-driven, and community-oriented approach, enhancing the overall resilience and preparedness of the nation.
Model Answer
Introduction
Traditionally, disaster management in India has followed a reactive approach, focusing on response and relief after disasters occur. However, the Government of India has recently implemented several measures aimed at shifting towards a more proactive framework, enhancing preparedness and resilience.
Recent Initiatives in Disaster Management
National Disaster Management Plan
The Government has developed a comprehensive National Disaster Management Plan, which delineates the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders involved in disaster management. This plan emphasizes proactive strategies to build resilience and mitigate disaster risks.
Enhancing Emergency Preparedness
The 2nd BIMSTEC Disaster Management Exercise, focused on flood rescue operations, was held at Ramachandi Beach in Puri. This field training exercise aims to strengthen regional response mechanisms, fostering effective disaster management within the BIMSTEC region.
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
The NDRF, a specialized force established by the Government, has seen significant expansion and strengthening in recent years. Equipped with specialized training and equipment, the NDRF enhances India’s capacity to respond effectively to disasters.
Indian Coast Guard Interventions
The Indian Coast Guard has played a pivotal role in averting fatalities and minimizing damage during cyclones like Amphan and Nisarga. Utilizing advanced systems like the NAVTEX warning system and Maritime Rescue Coordination Centers, they ensure preparedness well in advance of disasters.
Disaster Risk Reduction
The Government emphasizes disaster risk reduction, focusing on resilience-building through land-use planning, early warning systems, and public awareness campaigns. This shift aims to reduce vulnerability and enhance community preparedness.
Technology-Enabled Disaster Management
Leveraging technology, initiatives like the National Disaster Management Information System (NDMIS) and the use of satellite imagery have been introduced to improve disaster response capabilities, facilitating timely interventions.
Conclusion
The recent measures initiated by the Government of India reflect a significant departure from a reactive disaster management approach. By emphasizing preparedness, risk reduction, and community involvement, these initiatives aim to enhance resilience and mitigate the impacts of disasters, underscoring the need for continued strengthening in this vital area.