Roadmap for Answer Writing
1. Introduction
- Definition: Define Naxalism and its origins, mentioning its start as a farmers’ protest in 1967 in Naxalbari, West Bengal.
- Context: Highlight Naxalism as a significant internal security threat with social, economic, and developmental dimensions.
2. Emerging Issues
A. Expansion of Naxalite Influence
- Fact: Naxalite activities are intensifying, particularly in the “Red Corridor,” with notable increases in states like Chhattisgarh (Source: Ministry of Home Affairs).
B. Socio-Economic Disparity
- Fact: High levels of poverty and underdevelopment in affected areas such as Bihar and Jharkhand fuel discontent and support for Naxalism (Source: Planning Commission).
C. Forced Recruitment
- Fact: Naxal groups often forcibly recruit marginalized youth, perpetuating their ranks through coercion (Source: National Crime Records Bureau).
D. Urban Naxalism
- Fact: The ideological spread of Naxalism into urban areas is creating new challenges, evidenced by recent arrests of activists in cities like Mumbai and Delhi (Source: The Hindu).
E. Exploitation of Local Issues
- Fact: Naxalites leverage local grievances, such as land rights disputes, to gain community support, complicating resolution efforts.
3. Multilayered Strategy (SAMADHAN)
A. Enhanced Security Measures
- Description: Strengthening intelligence and inter-state coordination to counter Naxal activities.
- Example: ‘Operation Prahaar’ in Chhattisgarh as a successful model.
B. Socio-Economic Development
- Description: Addressing regional disparities through targeted development programs.
- Example: The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana improving rural infrastructure (Source: Ministry of Rural Development).
C. Engagement and Dialogue
- Description: Facilitating dialogue with Naxalites to encourage their reintegration into society.
- Example: Surrender and rehabilitation policies in various states.
D. Strategic Counter-Narrative
- Description: Developing a counter-narrative to challenge Naxal ideology.
- Example: Initiatives like the ‘vikas sangharsh samiti’ in Maharashtra promoting development.
E. Rehabilitation Programs
- Description: Implementing programs to reintegrate former Naxalites into mainstream society.
- Example: ‘Project Salam’ in Maharashtra aimed at rehabilitation.
4. Conclusion
- Summary: Recap the complexities of Naxalism as a social, economic, and security issue.
- Call to Action: Emphasize the necessity of a comprehensive strategy that combines security, development, dialogue, and rehabilitation to effectively combat Naxalism.
नक्सलवाद: उभरती समस्याएँ और बहुपरकारी रणनीति
**1. उभरती समस्याएँ:
**2. नक्सलवाद से निपटने के लिए बहुपरकारी रणनीति:
निष्कर्ष: नक्सलवाद एक जटिल समस्या है जो सामाजिक, आर्थिक और विकासात्मक मुद्दों को एक साथ मिलाकर एक हिंसात्मक आंतरिक सुरक्षा खतरा उत्पन्न करती है। एक प्रभावी रणनीति में सामाजिक और आर्थिक विकास, सुरक्षा उपाय, मानवाधिकार सम्मान, और जन जागरूकता शामिल होनी चाहिए। इस तरह की बहुपरकारी रणनीति नक्सलवाद की समस्या को प्रभावी ढंग से संबोधित कर सकती है।
Model Answer
Introduction
Naxalism in India began as a farmers’ protest in 1967 in Naxalbari, West Bengal, but has evolved into a significant internal security threat. This movement poses challenges not only to law and order but also to social and economic development in affected regions.
Emerging Issues
A. Expansion of Influence
Naxalites are intensifying their activities, particularly in the “Red Corridor,” which includes states like Chhattisgarh, where there has been a noted increase in violence and recruitment.
B. Socio-Economic Disparity
Poverty and underdevelopment in Naxal-affected areas, especially in Bihar and Jharkhand, contribute to social unrest. The lack of basic services fosters discontent among marginalized communities.
C. Forced Recruitment
Naxal groups often resort to coercion, forcibly recruiting youth from tribal and marginalized communities to sustain their ranks. This tactic perpetuates the cycle of violence and unrest.
D. Urban Naxalism
The ideological influence of Naxalism is spreading to urban areas, complicating the security landscape. Recent arrests of activists in cities like Mumbai and Delhi highlight this trend.
E. Exploitation of Local Issues
Naxalites exploit local grievances, such as land rights conflicts, to gain support, complicating efforts to address the root causes of discontent.
Multilayered Strategy (SAMADHAN)
A. Enhanced Security Measures
Strengthening intelligence and inter-state coordination is crucial. Operations like ‘Operation Prahaar’ in Chhattisgarh have demonstrated the effectiveness of these measures in containing insurgency.
B. Socio-Economic Development
Addressing regional disparities through initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana can alleviate some of the socio-economic grievances that fuel Naxalism (Source: Ministry of Rural Development).
C. Engagement and Dialogue
Establishing channels for dialogue can facilitate the reintegration of Naxalites into society. Surrender and rehabilitation policies in various states exemplify this approach.
D. Strategic Counter-Narrative
Creating a counter-narrative to challenge Naxal ideology is vital. Initiatives like the ‘vikas sangharsh samiti’ in Maharashtra effectively promote development over violence.
E. Rehabilitation Programs
Programs like ‘Project Salam’ in Maharashtra aim to reintegrate former Naxalites, providing them with alternatives to violence.
Conclusion
Addressing Naxalism requires a comprehensive approach that tackles both immediate security concerns and the underlying socio-economic disparities. By combining security measures with development initiatives and fostering dialogue, India can work towards eradicating this persistent menace.