Roadmap for Answer Writing
Introduction
- Contextual Background: Introduce the historical role of India as a leader of oppressed and marginalized nations, particularly during the Cold War.
- Thesis Statement: State that India’s evolving foreign policy and new role in the global order have diminished its previous image as a champion for the marginalized.
Body
1. Historical Leadership and Idealistic Credentials
- Upholding Smaller Economies: Discuss India’s contributions to the Doha Round of the WTO, emphasizing its advocacy for developing nations.
- Fact: India pushed for agricultural subsidies and trade reforms that would benefit poorer countries.
- Support for Vulnerable Nations: Highlight India’s stand in climate change negotiations, particularly for vulnerable nations.
- Fact: India historically advocated for equitable climate solutions at international forums.
2. Shift in Foreign Policy Perspective
- Prioritization of Economic Development: Explain how India’s focus has shifted towards national economic growth.
- Fact: India’s foreign policy now emphasizes becoming a global economic power. (Source: Indian Ministry of External Affairs statements.)
- Changing Stance in International Forums: Mention India’s engagement at the Havana NAM Summit in 2006 on issues like anti-terrorism and energy security.
- Fact: India’s agenda included topics aligning with its growth objectives rather than solely supporting marginalized nations.
3. Regional Dynamics and Strategic Interests
- SAARC’s Stagnation: Discuss India’s strong stance against Pakistan leading to delays in SAARC projects, affecting neighboring nations.
- Fact: The SAARC summit has faced multiple cancellations due to India-Pakistan tensions. (Source: SAARC official communications.)
- Indo-Pacific Strategy: Highlight India’s increased involvement in the QUAD and its focus on countering China’s influence.
- Fact: India’s participation in QUAD emphasizes its strategic shift towards national security concerns.
4. Criticism and Allegations
- Allegations of Interference: Address criticisms regarding India’s interference in neighboring countries like Nepal, leading to strained relations.
- Fact: Allegations include political influence and economic pressure tactics.
- Dilution of Climate Advocacy: Discuss how India’s stance on climate change has faced criticism for becoming less supportive of smaller nations.
- Fact: In recent Paris negotiations, India’s commitments were perceived as less ambitious. (Source: Climate action reports.)
Conclusion
- Recap Key Points: Summarize the transformation of India’s image from a leader of the oppressed to a major global player.
- Final Thought: Emphasize that while India’s new role reflects its ambitions, it may also require a balance between national interests and its historical commitment to marginalized nations.
Transformation of India’s Global Image
Historical Context: Historically, India was seen as a champion of the oppressed and marginalized nations, advocating for anti-colonialism and global equity during the Cold War era. India’s leadership in the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and its support for liberation struggles across Africa and Asia solidified its image as a defender of the marginalized.
Emergence of a New Role: In recent decades, India’s global role has evolved significantly due to its growing economic power, strategic importance, and integration into the global economy. This transformation has led to a shift in its international image.
Conclusion: India’s image as a leader of the oppressed has evolved due to its significant economic growth, strategic alliances, and changing global priorities. While it continues to advocate for development and equity, its role in the emerging global order reflects a broader focus on national and strategic interests, shifting away from its historical position.
Model Answer
Introduction
India’s foreign policy has evolved significantly, moving away from its historical image as a champion for oppressed and marginalized nations. This shift reflects a new role in the emerging global order, where national interests now take precedence over collective interests of developing countries.
Body
1. Historical Leadership and Idealism
India’s leadership credentials were robust during the Cold War, characterized by its advocacy for smaller economies and vulnerable nations. For instance:
2. Shift in Foreign Policy Perspective
In recent years, India has prioritized economic development and national interests:
3. Regional Dynamics and Global Strategy
India’s approach to regional forums and its strategic foreign policy have also evolved:
4. Criticism and Allegations
India faces scrutiny for its changing role:
Conclusion
India’s transition from a leader of the oppressed to a major global player marks a significant transformation in its foreign policy. This shift towards Realpolitik indicates its growing ambitions and the importance of contributing to a rules-based international order, shaping the future of global relations.