What standout aspects of Mauryan architecture and art are there? (125 Words) [UPPSC 2022]
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Salient Features of Mauryan Art and Architecture
1. Stupas and Pillars: The Mauryan period is renowned for its stupas and pillars. The Sanchi Stupa and the Great Stupa at Sanchi are significant examples. The Ashokan Pillars, notably the Lion Capital of Sarnath, feature intricate carvings and inscriptions celebrating Emperor Ashoka’s conversion to Buddhism.
2. Rock-Cut Caves: The Mauryan art includes early examples of rock-cut architecture, such as the Barabar Caves. These caves demonstrate refined craftsmanship and provide insights into Buddhist monastic life.
3. Chaitya Halls and Viharas: The period also saw the construction of chaitya halls (prayer halls) and viharas (monastic residences), showing advanced structural and sculptural techniques.
4. Sculpture: Mauryan sculpture is characterized by its realistic style and iconography, often depicting Buddhist themes and symbols.
5. Material and Technique: Use of polished sandstone and highly finished stone carvings reflects the sophistication and artistry of the Mauryan period.
These features highlight the Mauryan Empire’s contribution to Indian art and architecture, emphasizing religious, cultural, and artistic advancements.
Mauryan art and architecture, flourishing from the 4th to the 2nd century BCE under the Mauryan Empire, is renowned for its grandeur and innovation. Key features include:
1. Stupas: Large domed structures, like the Sanchi Stupa, used to house relics of Buddha and serve as places of meditation.
2. Ashokan Pillars:Erected by Emperor Ashoka, these stone columns are adorned with inscriptions and elaborate capitals featuring animal motifs, symbolizing virtues such as lion and bull.
3. Rock-Cut Caves: The Barabar Caves, carved into hills, exhibit refined craftsmanship and are significant for their polished interiors and religious significance.
4. Buddhist Art:The art from this period often includes detailed carvings of Buddhist symbols and narratives, marking a shift towards religious art.
Mauryan art reflects both the grandeur of imperial ambition and the depth of religious devotion.