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Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Nimrat Kaur
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Asked: 2024-08-14T12:29:57+05:30 In:

What are the generations of the computer?

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What are the generations of the computer?
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4 Answers

  1. Dhiraj Mohite
    Begginer

    The history of computers can be divided into five distinct generations, each marked by significant technological advancements that changed how computers work and what they can do.

    1. First Generation (1940-1956): Vacuum Tubes

    • Technology: The earliest computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.
    • Examples: ENIAC, UNIVAC.
    • Characteristics: These computers were massive, consuming a lot of power and generating significant heat. Programming was done in machine language.

    2. Second Generation (1956-1963): Transistors

    • Technology: Transistors replaced vacuum tubes, making computers smaller, faster, and more reliable.
    • Examples: IBM 7094, UNIVAC 1108.
    • Characteristics: Computers started using assembly language, which was more user-friendly than machine language. They were also more energy-efficient.

    3. Third Generation (1964-1971): Integrated Circuits

    • Technology: Integrated circuits (ICs) allowed thousands of transistors to be packed onto a single chip.
    • Examples: IBM 360, PDP-8.
    • Characteristics: Computers became even smaller, faster, and more powerful. High-level programming languages like COBOL and FORTRAN were widely used.

    4. Fourth Generation (1971-Present): Microprocessors

    • Technology: Microprocessors combined thousands of integrated circuits into a single silicon chip, which acts as the computer’s brain.
    • Examples: Intel 4004, IBM PC.
    • Characteristics: Personal computers (PCs) became common. Graphical user interfaces (GUIs), the mouse, and handheld devices like smartphones emerged.

    5. Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond): Artificial Intelligence

    • Technology: Based on artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum computing, this generation aims to create machines that can learn, reason, and make decisions.
    • Examples: IBM Watson, Google’s AlphaGo.
    • Characteristics: These computers use advanced AI algorithms, natural language processing, and are capable of self-learning and human-like interaction.

    Each generation of computers represents a leap in technological innovation, leading to the powerful and versatile machines we use today.

  2. Kusum Garg
    Begginer

    The generation of computer are divided into five categories:

    1. The first generation (1946-1959)
    • The first generation used vacuum tube technology .
    • Vacuum tubes were expensive and produced a lot of heat.
    • Very expensive and only affordable to large organizations.
    • Machine language was the programming language used for these computers
    • Examples of the first generation include EDVAC, IBM-650, IBM-701, Manchester Mark 1, Mark 2, etc.

    2. The Second Generation (1950-1960)

    • These computers replaced vacuum tubes with transistors .
    • These computers are smaller, faster and more efficient.
    • Transistors were more reliable than vacuum tubes, required less maintenance and generated less heat.
    • Magnetic core memory was also introduced in this generation.

    3. The third generation (1964 – 1971)

    • This generation used microchips or integrated circuits.
    • These computers are smaller, cheaper, and much faster computers than second generation computers.
    •  New input devices like the mouse and keyboard were introduced, replacing older methods like punch cards.
    • New functionalities, like multiprogramming and time-sharing, and remote processing, were introduced, allowing for more efficient use of computer resources.

    4. The fourth generation (1972)

    • They used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits.
    • Fourth generation computers were more adaptable, had more primary storage capacity, were faster and more reliable than previous generations, and were also portable, small, and required less electricity.
    • This generation had the first supercomputers, used complex programming languages like C, C++, DBASE, etc., and could perform many accurate calculations.

    5. The fifth generation

    • The fifth generation of computers emerged after the fourth generation and is still being developed.
    • Computers of fifth generation use artificial intelligence (AI) to perform various tasks.
    • These computers use programming languages such as Python, R, C#, Java, etc., as input methods.

      The fifth generation computers employ ULSI technology (Ultra Large Scale Integration), parallel processing, and AI to perform scientific computations and develop AI software.

    • They can perform intricate tasks such as image recognition, human speech interpretation, natural language understanding, etc. Examples of fifth generation include laptops, desktops, notebooks, chromebooks, etc.
  3. Komal Prajapati
    Begginer

    The generations of computers are categorized based on the advancements in technology and innovations in computer hardware and software. Each generation brought significant changes in computing capabilities, performance, and design. Here’s an overview of each generation:

    1. First Generation (1940s-1950s)

    • Technology: Vacuum Tubes
    • Characteristics:
      • Used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory.
      • Large, bulky machines with high power consumption and heat production.
      • Examples: ENIAC, UNIVAC I, IBM 701.
    • Programming: Machine language; early assembly languages.

    2. Second Generation (1950s-1960s)

    • Technology: Transistors
    • Characteristics:
      • Replaced vacuum tubes with transistors, leading to smaller, more reliable, and more energy-efficient computers.
      • Introduction of assembly languages and early high-level programming languages like COBOL and FORTRAN.
      • Examples: IBM 1401, IBM 7094, UNIVAC II.
    • Programming: Assembly languages, early high-level languages.

    3. Third Generation (1960s-1970s)

    • Technology: Integrated Circuits (ICs)
    • Characteristics:
      • Integrated circuits replaced individual transistors, allowing for even smaller and more powerful computers.
      • Introduction of operating systems to manage hardware resources.
      • Improved reliability, efficiency, and processing speed.
      • Examples: IBM System/360, PDP-8, PDP-11.
    • Programming: High-level languages became more prevalent; development of sophisticated operating systems.

    4. Fourth Generation (1970s-Present)

    • Technology: Microprocessors
    • Characteristics:
      • Microprocessors, which contain thousands of integrated circuits on a single chip, revolutionized computing.
      • Personal computers became widely available and affordable.
      • Development of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and more advanced operating systems.
      • Examples: Intel 4004, Apple II, IBM PC, modern PCs and laptops.
    • Programming: Advanced programming languages, GUIs, and multimedia applications.

    5. Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond)

    • Technology: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Advanced Computing
    • Characteristics:
      • Focus on AI, machine learning, and advanced computational models.
      • Development of parallel processing, quantum computing, and ubiquitous computing (IoT).
      • Emphasis on natural language processing, robotics, and cognitive computing.
      • Examples: Modern AI systems, quantum computers (like IBM Q), advanced supercomputers.
    • Programming: AI algorithms, machine learning frameworks, advanced computational models.

    Future Trends

    • Quantum Computing: Explores the use of quantum-mechanical phenomena to perform calculations at speeds far beyond traditional computers.
    • Neuromorphic Computing: Mimics the neural structure of the human brain to create more efficient and adaptive computing systems.
    • Universal Computing: Integration of computing into everyday objects and environments through the Internet of Things (IoT).

    Each generation of computers has built upon the advancements of the previous one, leading to the highly sophisticated and diverse computing technologies we use today.

  4. Surya Prakash S
    Begginer

    There are Five Generations of computers i.e

    1. First Generation- Vaccum Tube Based Computers- (1940-1950)

    2. Second Generation- Transistor Based Computers- (1950-1960)

    3. Third Generation- Integrated circuit Based Computers- (1960-1970)

    4. Fourth Generation- Microprocessor Based Computers- (1970s-Currently in market)

    5. Fifth Generation- Artificial Intelligence Based Computers- (Present)

     

     

     

     

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