The achievement of Indian independence would have been markedly different without Mahatma Gandhi, whose leadership and philosophy profoundly shaped the independence movement.

Gandhi’s Influence:

1. Nonviolent Resistance: Gandhi introduced and popularized the principle of nonviolent resistance (Satyagraha) and civil disobedience. His approach mobilized millions across different social and economic backgrounds, making the independence movement a mass struggle rather than a political elite endeavor. This widespread participation was crucial in building sustained pressure on the British government.
2. Social and Political Integration: Gandhi’s emphasis on social reforms, including the upliftment of untouchables (Harijans) and the promotion of Hindu-Muslim unity, helped integrate diverse sections of Indian society into the independence movement. His efforts to address social inequalities added moral and ethical dimensions to the struggle for freedom.
3. Negotiation Leverage: Gandhi’s leadership played a critical role in negotiations with the British government. His ability to galvanize public opinion and present a united front significantly influenced the terms of the final negotiations and the political landscape.

Without Gandhi:

1. Alternative Strategies: Without Gandhi, the independence movement might have relied more heavily on violent methods or political negotiations led by other leaders such as Jawaharlal Nehru or Subhas Chandra Bose. These approaches could have led to a more fragmented or violent struggle.
2. Delayed Independence: Gandhi’s unique methods and mass mobilization strategies expedited the independence process. Without his influence, the timeline and nature of India’s independence might have been altered, potentially leading to a different political settlement or delayed independence.

In conclusion, Gandhi’s absence would have significantly impacted the nature, pace, and outcome of the Indian independence movement, likely leading to a more fragmented and potentially more violent struggle for freedom.