The growth of militant nationalism in India was fueled by British colonial policies that exploited and repressed the population, socio-political conditions marked by economic distress and perceived inadequacies of moderate reform efforts, and the influence of revolutionary ideas from global movements. Economic exploitation, such as high taxation and deindustrialization, alongside political repression like the Rowlatt Act, created widespread discontent. This was compounded by the failure of moderate leaders to bring about significant change, leading to the rise of radical groups influenced by global revolutionary successes. Cultural and religious revivalism, the economic strain of World War I, and incidents like the Jallianwala Bagh massacre further intensified nationalist fervor, leading to the rise of militant organizations advocating for direct action and armed struggle against colonial rule.